1. What is the name of the drug binding site III of HSA?
a) Tamoxifen binding site
b) Digitoxin binding site
c) Diazepam binding site
d) Warfarin and azapropazone binding site
Explanation: In the structure of HSA there 4 main binding sites for drugs. The 3rd drug binding site name is Digitoxin binding site.
2. Which drugs bind to RBC membrane?
a) Pentobarbital
b) Acetazolamide
c) Imipramine
d) Phenytoin
Explanation: The red blood cell comprises of 3 components each can bind to different kind of drugs. Haemoglobin, Carbonic anhydrase, and cell membrane. The cell membrane is reported to bind with chlorpromazine and imipramine
3. What is the name of the drug binding site II of HSA?
a) Tamoxifen binding site
b) Digitoxin binding site
c) Diazepam binding site
d) Warfarin and azapropazone binding site
Explanation: In the structure of HSA there 4 main binding sites for drugs. The 2nd drug binding site is Diazepam binding site. Drugs that binds to this site includes benzodiazepines, medium chain fatty acids, cloxacillin, probenecid, tryptophan, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, etc.
4. What reasons make tissue-drug binding important for drug distribution?
a) Increases the volume of distribution of drugs and results in localization of drug at a specific site
b) Increases the volume of distribution of drugs
c) Results in localization of drugs at a tissue specific site
d) Increases in absorption from the tissue due to concentration increasing
Explanation: Tissue-drug binding is important in the distribution of drugs. This is because it increases the apparent volume of distribution of drugs in contrast to plasma protein which decreases it. Tissue-drug binding results in localization of the drug at a specific site in the body.
5. Following is the order in decreasing order of drug binding to the extravascular tissue. Which one is the correct order?
a) Liver > kidney > muscle > lung
b) Liver > muscle > lung > kidney
c) Liver > muscle > kidney > lung
d) Liver > kidney > lung > muscle
Explanation: Factors influencing localization of drugs are tissues lipophilicity, structure of drug, perfusion rate, pH differences etc. Drugs binding to the extracellular site has the order of binding in decreasing order liver > kidney > lung > muscle
6. What is the relation between halogenated hydrocarbon and liver?
a) Halogenated hydrocarbon is a drug for liver problems
b) Halogenated hydrocarbon is nutrition for liver
c) Halogenated hydrocarbon causes hepatotoxicity
d) Halogenated hydrocarbon forms the bile juices in liver
Explanation: Epoxides of number of Halogenated hydrocarbon and paracetamol bind irreversibly to the liver tissues resulting in hepatotoxicity. Thus we are told that taking more paracetamol can damage our liver
7. Which drugs accumulate in liver?
a) Acidic drugs like imipramine
b) Basic drugs like imipramine
c) Halogenated hydrocarbons
d) Chloroquinine
Explanation: Imipramine is a basic drug. Basic drug like imipramine, chlorpromazine and anti-histamines accumulate in lungs.
8. Which metals get accumulated in the kidney?
a) Mercury, cadmium, lead
b) Mercury, cadmium, iron
c) Mercury, lanthanum, lead
d) Mercury, cadmium, fluoride ions
Explanation: Metallothionin, is a protein present in kidneys. This protein tends to bind to heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead. Resulting in their accumulation in kidney and toxicity
9. Which of the following drugs accumulate in skin?
a) Acidic drugs like imipramine
b) Basic drugs like imipramine
c) Halogenated hydrocarbons
d) Chloroquine
Explanation: Skin as melanin which protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun. Chloroquine and phenothiazines accumulate in skin by interacting with melanin.
10. Which of the following drugs are responsible for retinopathy?
a) Acidic drugs like imipramine
b) Basic drugs like imipramine
c) Halogenated hydrocarbons
d) Chloroquinine
Explanation: Chloroquine and phenothiazines accumulate in skin by interacting with melanin. Since our retinal pigment of eye also has melanin, binding of chloroquine and phenothiazines to it is responsible for retinopathy