1. As of 2013 pit latrines are used by an estimated ____________ people.
a) 3.77 billion
b) 2.77 million
c) 1.77 billion
d) 4.66 billion
Explanation: This is mostly in the developing world as well as in rural and wilderness areas. In 2011 about 2.5 billion people did not have access to a proper toilet and one billion resort to open defecation in their surroundings. Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the poorest access to toilets. In developing countries the cost of a simple pit toilet is typically between 25 and 60 USD. Ongoing maintenance costs are between 1.5 and 4 USD per person per year which are often not taken into consideration
2. As a very general guideline it is recommended that the bottom of the pit should be at least _______ above groundwater level.
a) 0.5 m
b) 2 m
c) 12 m
d) 20 m
Explanation: As a very general guideline it is recommended that the bottom of the pit should be at least 2 m above groundwater level, and a minimum horizontal distance of 30 m between a pit and a water source is normally recommended to limit exposure to microbial contamination. However, no general statement should be made regarding the minimum lateral separation distances required to prevent contamination of a well from a pit latrine. For example, even 50 m lateral separation distance might not be sufficient in a strongly karstified system with a down gradient supply well or spring, while 10 m lateral separation distance is completely sufficient if there is a well developed clay cover layer and the annular space of the groundwater well is well sealed.
3. A _____________ houses the squatting pan or toilet seat and provides privacy and protection from the weather for the user.
a) roof
b) terrace
c) shade
d) shelter
Explanation: A shelter, shed, small building or “super-structure” houses the squatting pan or toilet seat and provides privacy and protection from the weather for the user. Ideally, the shelter or small building should have hand washing facilities available inside or on the outside (e.g. supplied with water from a rainwater harvesting tank on the roof of the shelter) although this is unfortunately rarely the case in practice. In the shelter, anal cleansing materials (e.g. toilet paper) and a solid waste bin should also be available. A more substantial structure may also be built, commonly known as an outhouse.
4. Name the open drains provided for conveying water from kitchens, bathroom and rain water to main sewers.
a) drains
b) Sewers
c) Soak pit
d) Surface drains
Explanation: These are usually provided at the side of the road and along the boundary line of the building. As far as possible drains should not be laid under the buildings. For efficient draining the surface drains should have certain qualities, such as should be laid in such a gradient to develop self -cleaning velocity, should have a reasonable free board at the top, joint should be smooth finished, easy curves, inner surface should be smooth, cheap in construction and maintenance.
5. The _______ are used for preventing foul gas from sewers to back flow in the house.
a) air freshners
b) traps
c) naphthalene balls
d) phenyl
Explanation: In plumbing, a trap is a device which has a shape that uses a bending path to capture water to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings, while allowing waste to pass through. In refinery applications, traps are used to prevent hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases from escaping outside through drains.
6. In office building what is the requirement of a water closet for 50 persons?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 2
d) 1
Explanation: In office building the requirement of a water closet for 25 people or part thereof, 1 closet is required.
7. Number of urinals required in hostels for 25 persons.
a) 5
b) 1
c) 5
d) 10
Explanation: In office building- 1 per persons, 2 per 21-45, 3 per 46-70 persons, 4 per 71-100. In cinema 1 for 25 persons or part thereof. In restaurant 1 per 50 seats.
8. For 1 wash Basin how many persons are allowed to use it at a time at office buildings?
a) 45
b) 35
c) 25
d) 15
Explanation: In Cinema and theatres 1 for 200 persons or part thereof, in restaurant 1 for every water closet provision, in hostels 1 for 8 persons or part thereof.
9. In 2010, about __________ of the global population had access to piped water supply through house connections or to an improved water source through other means than house, including standpipes, water kiosks, spring supplies and protected wells.
a) 90%
b) 55%
c) 87%
d) 65%
Explanation: In 2010, about 87% of the global population (5.9 billion people) had access to piped water supply through house connections or to an improved water source through other means than house, including standpipes, water kiosks, spring supplies and protected wells. However, about 13% (about 900 million people) did not have access to an improved water source and had to use unprotected wells or springs, canals, lakes or rivers for their water needs.
10. 90% of urban water supply and sanitation services are currently in the ______________
a) industry
b) agriculture
c) government
d) public sector
Explanation: They are owned by the state or local authorities, or also by collectives or cooperatives. They run without an aim for profit but are based on the ethos of providing a common good considered to be of public interest. In most middle and low-income countries, these publicly owned and managed water providers can be inefficient as a result of political interference, leading to over-staffing and low labour productivity.