1. A ____________ is a structural element in masonry construction that provides support at openings in the masonry. Alternate names are “flat arch” and “straight arch”.
a) round arch
b) equilateral arch
c) flamboyant arch
d) jack arch
Explanation: Unlike regular arches, jack arches are not semicircular in form. Instead, they are flat in profile and are used under the same circumstances as lintels. Unlike lintels, which are subject to bending stress, jack arches are composed of individual masonry elements cut or formed into a wedge shape that efficiently uses the compressive strength of the masonry in the same manner as a regular arch.
2. Which type of arch is shown below?
a) Round arch, or semi-circular arch
b) Lancet arch
c) Equilateral pointed arch
d) Reverse ogee arch
Explanation: The simplest shape is the long opening with a pointed arch known in England as the lancet. Lancet openings are often grouped, usually as a cluster of three or five. Lancet openings may be very narrow and steeply pointed. Lancet arches are typically defined as two-centered arches whose radii are larger than the arch’s span.
3. For the calculation of roof estimates start with a simple roof diagram, marking all pitch changes, valleys, ridge and hip lines, chimneys, vent pipes and other penetrations.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: Then measure all exterior wall sections from corner to corner, adding in any roof overhangs or bump-outs. Put these dimensions in their place on the diagram.
4. Roof slope is typically defined in inches.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Roof slope, which is typically defined in inches. Some customers will know the roof slope and can supply it to you, but determining the slope yourself is easy. Unless there is a low-hanging roof eave, you may have to get on a ladder and work with a 1- or 2-foot level.
5. Pitch is defined as vertical rise (in inches) per foot of horizontal run.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Slope defined as vertical rise (in inches) per foot of horizontal run. For example, A roof that rises 6 inches for every 12 inches of run is a “six-in-twelve,” or 6:12 roof, with a pitch of ¼.
6. Simple gable roofs like those found on colonial or ranch homes are easy to calculate.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: Simply take the ground dimensions, multiply length times width (include overhangs) and multiply by the roof pitch multiplier. For example, a 24 x 48 home with a 6:12 roof would calculate as follows: 24 x 48 = 1,152 x 1.12 = 1,290.24, or just over 1,290 square feet of roof.
7. Timber can be used as a sloping roof.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide support for a roof. Trusses usually occur at regular intervals, linked by longitudinal timbers such as purlins. The space between each truss is known as a bay.
Timber roof trusses were a medieval development. Earlier roofs had been supported by coupled rafters – pairs of rafters linked by horizontal beams. But such roofs were structurally weak, and lacking any longitudinal support were prone to racking, a collapse resulting from horizontal movement.
Roof made with timber
8. _______ Terrace Roof is a flat roof consisting of a layer of lime concrete over a layer of brick-on-edge laid in lime mortar.
a) Sloping
b) Madras
c) Flat
d) Arch
Explanation: The terrace bricks of 15*7.5*2.5cm in size are laid on-edge in diagonal rows with lime mortar 1:11/2 proportion closely packed spanning over the beams. The brickwork is then cured by sprinkling with water for a period of 10 days. After the brickwork has set, a layer of lime concrete is laid and consolidated so as to give a compact thickness of 7.5cm and cured for 6 days.
9. The four-sided slopes are not the characteristic feature of only Mansard roofs the _______________ also come with this feature.
a) mansard roof
b) gambrel Roof
c) salt Box Roof
d) pyramid roof
Explanation: The four-sided slopes are not the characteristic feature of only Mansard roofs; the Pyramid roofs also come with this feature. As the name suggests, these roofs are shaped like pyramids, a roof with four sloping sides. These roofs are best-suited for smaller structures, like a farmhouse hut. These roofs are popular in the contemporary architecture, with many structures getting these roofs. The walls of these houses are symmetrical and easy to build. A lower degree pitch works best for such four-sided roofs. They would work even better if the walls were smaller and the roof made for a significant part of the house. It is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also more energy efficient
10. Reinforced cement concrete work is usually estimated under ________ items.
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) one
Explanation: The concrete work including centering and shuttering, and binding of steel bars in position is taken under one item in cu m (cu ft) and the steel reinforcement and its bending is taken under one item in (cwt).