1. A typical ECG wave is _______
a) Periodic
b) A-periodic
c) Quasi – Periodic
d) Non – Periodic
Explanation: ECG wave comprises PQRSTU segments. In this, P, R, T, U are all waves that go above the baseline and Q, S are waves that go below. However, P wave and R wave are not periodic. Periodicity is checked between the successive R waves. Quasi periodic waves are those which are periodic in a certain interval. Since the ECG signal is periodic in R to R interval or P to P interval, its a Quasi periodic wave.
2. Bradycardia ECG will show what kind of wave?
a) The impulses have increased
b) The impulses have decreased
c) Pronounced P waves
d) Pronounced T waves
Explanation: Bradycardia is a symptom where the heartbeat is below the normal range. The heart pumps blood slowly so the impulses are not so pronounced. In tachycardia, the impulses increase. The waves are shorter and sharper
3. Which of these conditions are natural conditions for tachycardia?
a) Running
b) Grief
c) Shock
d) Sleep
Explanation: When a person has run for a stretch, their heart rate goes up. This is a normal tachycardia condition and eventually, the heart rate will go back to normal. When the body gets used to running due to training, the heart also adjusts and is able to pump blood better without raising the heart rate by much
4. Angiography is _________
a) a surgical procedure
b) a diagnosis
c) an imaging technique
d) a disease of the nerves
Explanation: Angiography is an imaging technique that is used to look at the various blood vessels and locate blockages. It is a predecessor process to angiography and few other surgeries. The principle used for angiography is the same that is used in fluoroscopy
5. What is the principle of fluoroscopy?
a) Radiation
b) Fluorescence
c) Phosphorescence
d) Scintillation
Explanation: The principle behind fluoroscopy is radiation while Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Scintillation are radiation properties and thus methods of detecting radiation. In a fluoroscopic procedure, a dye with radioactive properties is injected into the body and as the dye moves down the selected track, a camera sensitive to radiations detect the radiations. This is also how blockages are detected
6. Which machine is used for angiography?
a) X-Ray and fluoroscopy machine
b) CT scanner
c) C – Arm
d) MRI
Explanation: A C – Arm is a cross between an X-Ray device and a CT scan. It can help see soft better than an X-Ray machine but does not give so much clarity as a CT scan. However, it is good enough to monitor blocks and then operates upon them. Many surgeries that require monitoring while the operation is in progress use a C – Arm.
7. The dye is made of ________
a) Iodine
b) Phosphorus
c) Fluorine
d) Nitrogen
Explanation: Iodine is an element that is found in abundance in nature. It is a large atom and so it can be worked upon and modified to have the desired radio active properties. The atom decays with time and the element can be flushed out of the body without any problems. Since Iodine is required by the body, it is a better choice than Barium and Gadolinium, the other two materials dyes are made of.
8. The dye is inserted into the body with the help of _________
a) stent
b) syringe
c) catheter
d) endoscope
Explanation: Catheter is a hollow, flexible tube. It is used in minimal invasive surgery where a small slit is made and then the catheter is inserted. This catheter is flexible and can be controlled by the person performing the surgery. Since its hollow, micro instruments can be inserted in it and operations can be performed. Catheter is used to inject the dye in the desired place as the catheter is inserted in a convenient place and then positioned accordingly to inject the dye
9. General anesthesia is a necessity for angiography.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Angiograpgy is a minimal invasive process and so a slight incision is good enough for insertion of the catheter. General anesthesia causes the whole body to become numb and be unconscious. For angiography, a local anesthesia at the site of insertion is more than enough. If the procedure is being carried out on a child, general anesthesia may be used.
10. The access point of the catheter for coronary angiography is ________
a) arm
b) neck
c) groin
d) arm or groin
Explanation: The arm or groin, both provide large access areas for catheterisation. The aorta is accessed easily and the so the inserted catheter has an open path for the journey. First, an insertion is made and then a thin plastic tube is inserted to keep the incision open. Then a guide wire is sent in. Once the guide wire is in place, the catheter is sent which follows the path that is laid by the guide wire.