1. Other name for condylar joint is ___________
a) Saddle joint
b) Plain joint
c) Ball and Socket Joint
d) Hinge Joint
Explanation: Condyle stands for a rounded articular surface on the extremity of bone where it forms a joint with another bone. This allows limited movements like extension and flexion. Since the movements are limited and possible in only one direction, i.e. uniaxial, it is also called a hinge joint
2. In a synovial joint, the bones are connected to each other.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: The bones are not connected to each other but held in place with the help of ligaments. A synovial capsule surrounds the joint and this capsule is filled with synovial fluid to reduce friction
3. Synovial fluid secreted by synovial is rich in ___________
a) proteins
b) vitamins
c) minerals
d) fats
Explanation: Synovial fluid is used to help reduce friction between the joints. Fats are good for cushioning and used as lining to avoid wear and tear. This helps to reduce friction. Thus, synovial fluid is rich in fats
4. Acromioclavicular joint is an example of ___________
a) Ball and Socket Joint
b) Hinge Joint
c) Plain Joint
d) Pivot Joint
Explanation: Acromioclavicular joint is the joint of the shoulder blades (scapula) and the shoulder bone (clavicle). This bone provides the sturdiness to the arm and thus can only perform the sliding action. Thus, the joint is called a plain joint.
5. The tooth like structure of C2 vertebra that forms Pivot Joint with C1 vertebra is called as odontoint. The other name is ____________
a) flagella
b) dens
c) matrix
d) condyl
Explanation: The projecting tooth like structure is called as dens. Flagella is a whip like structure that allows single celled organism to move/swim. Condyl is a rounded structure at the extremity of the bones and matrix is a binding structure in which binds all the organic structures
6. In a bone, if concavity : elongation :: convexity:_________
a) compression
b) depression
c) suppression
d) extension
Explanation: An important job that a bone is that of weight bearing. It provides a framework for the body. The concavity and the convexity of the bone happen due to weight and this concavity and convexity help in load bearing as well. An extension is another name for elongation.
7. In which of the following injuries to the bone, the bone is actually not broken?
a) Simple Fracture
b) Hairline Fracture
c) Contusion
d) Multiple
Explanation: When a bone is formed, it is spongy and called cancellous. This cancellous gets ossified to form corticle which is the hard bone. In confusion, the corticle is damaged but not the cancellous. Thus, the cancellous gets ossified to form a corticle and a new bone is formed.
8. In fracture, especially in long bones, the body starts giving weight ___________
a) medially
b) axially
c) centrally
d) normally
Explanation: When a part gets fractured, we try to avoid disturbing the injured area. Thus, we lean towards a side and so weight bearing happens medially, i.e. in the side. This part is to be taken into consideration while designing some implant or when giving an assistive device
9. Which of these fractures necessitates the use of bone cement or some other implant?
a) Multiple Fractures
b) Compound Fracture
c) Simple Fracture
d) Hairline Fracture
Explanation: In a compound fracture, the bone is broken in multiple pieces at the same place. The pieces are so small that it is not possible to put them back together. In such cases, the fractured bone pieces are removed and a plate/implant along with bone cement is used. Depending upon the area affected, the plate and bone cement may be temporary, i.e. the bone is able to grow back or permanent, i.e. the bone will not grow back.
10. Which of the following is an important component for any bone related implant?
a) Titanium
b) Iron
c) Calcium and Phosphorus
d) Calcium Hydroxyapatite
Explanation: Calcium Hydroxyapatite is a biomaterial which had properties closest to that of the human bone. It is found in shells of animals and can also be manufactured in labs. Whenever an implant regarding bones is manufactured, they are coated with calcium hydroxyapatite to allow better integration of the implant with the bone and reduce immuno-rejection.