1. The antonym for ‘abduction’ will be ___________
a) adduction
b) reflexion
c) flexion
d) extension
Explanation: Abduction is the movement that is towards the med-line while adduction is the movement that is away from the mid-line. When the arm is raised to shoulder level, the movement is adduction and when the arm is brought down, it is called abduction.
2. If the palm is facing downwards, then the movement that a person must do to make the palm face upwards is called as _________
a) abduction
b) adduction
c) pronation
d) supination
Explanation: Prone means when the body is facing downwards while supine is when the body is facing upwards. Thus, if the palm is turned downwards, the movement is pronation and then the palm is brought upwards, the movement is supination.
3. The difference between rotation and circumduction is __________
a) rotation is any circular movement while circumduction is circular movement around something
b) rotation is the circular movement along the sagittal axis of the body while circumduction is the conical movement of the body around the sagittal axis of the body
c) circumduction is any circular movement while rotation is circular movement around something
d) circumduction is the circular movement along the sagittal axis of the body while rotation is the conical movement of the body around the sagittal axis of the body
Explanation: As the answer says, a rotation is the circular movement along the sagittal axis of the body while circumduction is the conical movement of the body around the sagittal axis of the body. Thus, if there is pronation and supination of the palm, it will come under rotation but if shoulder rotation is done when the arm is fully extended, then its circumduction.
4. The placement of the sensors on the cranium in order to take EEG is called ________
a) Montage
b) Cranial Cap
c) Electrode Placement
d) Electrode Cap
Explanation: The placement of the electrodes on the cranium in order to take the EEG is the montage. The placement can involve 21 electrodes. In order to ensure the correct placement of the electrodes, a cap with perforations at the correct locations is used. This cap is the cranial cap or the montage cap. When taking the EEG, the sensors or the electrodes are plugged in the respective perforations and the signal is acquired.
5. The frequency of the waves acquired when the person is in an alert and wakeful state is _______
a) 4 – 8 Hz
b) 8 – 13 Hz
c) 13 – 30 Hz
d) > 30 Hz
Explanation: When a person is alert and properly awake, the waves obtained are beta waves. These waves range from 13 – 20 Hz. The alpha waves (8 – 13 Hz) are obtained when a person is asleep. Theta waves (4 – 8 Hz) are found when the person is sitting idle or in children. Sometimes, these waves are generated when the person is about to fall asleep. Gamma waves (> 30 Hz) are found when a person is doing an intense mental activity or is multitasking
6. The electrode gel is used to _________
a) reduce skin resistance
b) increase skin resistance
c) moisturize the skin
d) cause skin flaking
Explanation: The electrodes that acquire the signal can cause damage to the skin as well. This is because while acquiring the signal, there is heat production which can cause burning if the signal acquisition is of a long duration. Thus, the electrode gel is used to reduce the skin resistance so that prolonged signal acquisition can take place.
7. EEG is the recording of the _________
a) signal from axons of the pyramidal cells
b) signal from the dendrites of the pyramidal cells
c) cyton secretions
d) axon secretions
Explanation: Pyramidal cells are those which are close to the surface of the cranium. Dendrites are the extension of cytons, i.e. the cell body of neurons. The dendrites take the impulses, the impulses enter the cyton, travel through the axon and reach the axon terminal from where they are transmitted further.
8. When a person moves his arms and legs, the EEG is generated from _______
a) Temporal Lobe
b) Parietal Lobe
c) Occipital Lobe
d) Frontal Lobe
Explanation: The brain is divided into various areas called the Broca’s areas. These areas process and control the various actions of the body. Area 4 is situated in the Frontal Lobe and this area is responsible for the motor functions of the body. It is the highest center for motor activity.
9. When an EEG is taken from the Occipital Region of the brain, what signal will cause the maximum amount of noise?
a) EOG
b) EMG
c) ECG
d) EEG from other parts of the brain
Explanation: EOG stands for electrooculogram and it the signal that is taken from the eye. The occipital lobe is the center for eye movements so if an EEG is being taken from the Occipital Lobe, the incoming signals from the eyes (EOG) will act as noise to them.
10. Which of the following conditions will give slow waves with high amplitude?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Hypothermia
c) Hypocapnia
d) Low Glucocorticoids
Explanation: Hypocapnia is a condition when the levels of carbon dioxide go lower than the normal levels. This is due to deep or rapid breathing. This state is also called as hyperventilation. Hypoglycemia is the condition when the blood sugar goes low while hypothermia is the condition when the body temperature has gone down. Glucocorticoids are important to the immune system. When conditions like Hypoglycemia, hypothermia or low glucocorticoids happen, the body is actively trying to raise their quantity so the brain signals are high. However, in case of less carbon dioxide, the brain reduces activity to set the balance. Thus, the signals received are slow and of low frequency.