1. A ______ caisson is open at top and closed at bottom.
a) Wells
b) Pneumatic caissons
c) Cylinders
d) Box caissons
Explanation: Box Caisson is merely a variation of the Suspended type cofferdam. The box caissons may be built of reinforced concrete, steel or timber. Condition for box caisson is that the depth of water is about 6 meters to 8 meters.
2. A ________ is a caisson which is open at top as well as at bottom.
a) Well
b) Box Caisson
c) Pneumatic caissons
d) Cofferdam
Explanation: Well is provided with a cutting edge at the bottom so as to facilitate sinking. The shape of a well is generally decided by the requirements of the superstructure, vertical and horizontal forces on well, base of the pier or abutment, cost of sinking, chances of tilting and shifting during execution, etc.
3. A __________ are open at bottom and closed at top.
a) Cylinders
b) Wells
c) Box Caisson
d) Pneumatic caissons
Explanation: The pneumatic caissons are adopted when the depth of water is more than 12 metres or so. The maximum depth of water upto which pneumatic caissons can be used is limited from the consideration of health of the workers.
4. An open _______ is a convenient form of foundation for Bridge piers.
a) Monoliths
b) Cylinder
c) Multiple wells
d) Cofferdam
Explanation: Cylinder is used when depth of water is more than 12 meters or when it becomes essential go deep to avoid exposure of foundations due to scouring action of flowing water. The cylinder is a light shell which invariably become part of the permanent structure.
5. The term ______ is used to indicate the art of building the structures in stones.
a) Masonry
b) Mortar
c) Brick
d) Bond
Explanation: The term Masonry is used to indicate the art of building the structures in either stone or bricks. The formal type is called the stone masonry and the latter type is called the brick masonry.
6. The horizontal course provided at suitable levels between the plinth and the cornice is termed as a ______
a) Sill
b) Corbel
c) String Course
d) Cornice
Explanation: String Course break the monotony of a plane surface and it is sometimes moulded and given architectural treatment. The string course is suitably weathered and throated so as to throw off the rain water clear of the wall surface.
7. The projecting course at ground floor level is known as _______
a) Throating
b) Plinth
c) Coping
d) Weathering
Explanation: Plinth is also used to indicate the height of the ground floor level from ground level. The Plinth course protects the interior of a building from rain, water, frost, etc. It is sometimes moulded and give an ornamental treatment
8. A __________ is a course of stone which is laid at the top wall so as to protect the wall from rain water.
a) Course
b) Cornice
c) Corbel
d) Coping
Explanation: The course of coping is generally provided at the top of a compound wall or a parapet wall and it is suitably weathered and throated. Sometimes the term Coping is used to refer a cutting of the stone by means of feathers, plugs and wedges.
9. A _________ is a course of stone provided at the top of wall to dispose off rain water.
a) Throating
b) Sill
c) Cornice
d) Weathering
Explanation: Cornice is generally moulded and given an ornamental treatment. It is weathered and throated to dispose off rain water. In order to prevent the overturning of the cornice, sufficient bearing and extra weight at the top in the form of a parapet wall should be provided.
10. The term ________ is sometimes used to denote the wearing of stone surfaces by the action of the weather.
a) Weathering
b) Throating
c) Corbel
d) Sill
Explanation: The upper surface of stones used for sill, cornice and coping is dressed in a sloping way so that the water may flow off easily. This is termed as the Weathering