1. The branch of geology which deals with the morphology, classification, mechanism and causes of development of these rock structures is called as ___________
a) Rock geology
b) Structural geology
c) Basic geology
d) Lithology
Explanation: The basic definition of structural geology is “the branch of geology which deals with the morphology, classification, mechanism and causes of development of these rock structures”. Hence the answer Structural Geology.
2. Stratification can be seen widely in which of the following rocks?
a) Igneous rocks
b) Metamorphic rocks
c) Sedimentary rocks
d) Fossil rocks
Explanation: Most sedimentary rocks are deposited under conditions which favour development of distinct layers piled up one above another, from bottom to top. These layers also called beds or strata.
3. Outcrop is seen on land everywhere on earth.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Solid rocks are not exposed everywhere on the surface of the earth. These are mostly covered with a thick or thin layer of loose deposit called alluvium or in most common language as soil. Hence rock or the outcrop is not seen everywhere on earth.
4. Most widespread rock on earth is _____________
a) Igneous rock
b) Sedimentary rock
c) Metamorphic rock
d) All are in equal quantities
Explanation: It is said that sedimentary rocks are superficially the most widespread rocks, forming more than 75% of the exposed surface of the earth.
5. Which of the following about lamination is not true?
a) It is closely related to stratification
b) It is literally paper thin
c) It is a layered structure developed in extremely fine grained igneous rocks
d) It is a layered structure developed in extremely fine grained sedimentary rocks
Explanation: The term lamination is closely related to stratification. It is a layered structure developed in extremely fine grained sedimentary rocks made up of clay and silt. The layers are paper thin literally speaking.
6. The maximum angle of inclination of a layer of a rock with the horizontal is _____________
a) Dip
b) Heave angle
c) Strike
d) Depth
Explanation: The definition of dip is “The maximum angle of inclination of a layer of a rock with the horizontal”. It is expressed both in terms of degree of inclination and direction of inclination.
7. Angle of dip is measured using which instrument?
a) Compass
b) Theodolite
c) Tacheometer
d) Clinometer
Explanation: The direction of dip is determined with a simple compass whereas the angle of dip is determined with an instrument called clinometer, which comes built in with the compass.
8. Which among the following is not a type of dip?
a) Widespread dip
b) Primary dip
c) Secondary dip
d) Local and regional dip
Explanation: The types of dips are primary, secondary, local and regional. Widespread dip is not considered as a dip.
9. The term “intrusion” is basically associated with which type of rock?
a) Igneous rock
b) Sedimentary rock
c) Metamorphic rock
d) Not associated with any type of rock
Explanation: Igneous rocks are formed from cooling and crystallization of hot molten material called magma/lava depending on the place of occurrence. The magma gets intruded or injected into the pre-existing rocks of any type- called the host rocks and takes variously shaped forms on cooling. These forms are commonly termed as Intrusion.
10. The dip which involves tectonic forces is _____________
a) Primary dip
b) Secondary dip
c) Local and Regional dip
d) No dip involves tectonic forces
Explanation: Secondary dip is the inclination induced in the strata after its deposition due to the tectonic forces to which such strata have been subsequently subjected. Secondary dips may range in value up to vertical.