PrepBharat

1. What are mainly reabsorbed from Henle’s loops?
a) Potassium
b) Glucose
c) Water and NaCl
d) Urea and NaCl

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2. The part of the nephron that helps in active reabsorption of sodium is
a) Bowman’s capsule
b) Distal convoluted tubule
c) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop
d) Proximal convoluted tubules

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3. Which of the following substance is actively secreted into glomerular filtrate of the kidney tubule?
a) Amino acids
b) Chloride ions
c) \[Na^{+}\]
d) \[K^{+}\]

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4.The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney is to increase the
a) Excretion of water
b) Excretion of Na’
c) Permeability of the distal nephron to water
d) Glomerular filtration rate

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5.In deficiency of ADH, the rate of micturition
a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains the same
d) None of these

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6.Volume of urine is regulated by
a) Aldosterone
b) Aldosterone and ADH
c) Aldosterone, ADH and testosterone
d) ADH alone

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7. When a person is suffering from poor renal reabsorption, which one of the following will not help in the maintenance of blood volume?
a) Increased ADH secretion
b) Decreased glomerular filtration
c) Increased arterial pressure in kidneys
d) Decreased arterial pressure in kidneys

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8. The number of nephrons in a kidney is equal to the
a) Number of Bowman’s capsules
b) Sum of Bowman’s capsules and glomeruli
c) Double the number of Bowman’s capsules
d) Sum of Bowman’s capsules and Malpighian corpuscles

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9. If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected?
a) The urine will be more dilute.
b) There will be no urine formation.
c) The urine will have more concentration.
d) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed.

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10. Which of the following statements is/are true?
1. Urine is hypertonic in distal convoluted tubule.
2. When the urine passes into the collecting tubule it becomes hypotonic.
3. Urine is isotonic in proximal convoluted tubule.
4. Urine becomes more and more hypotonic as it passes through the Henle’s loop.
a) 1 and 4 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 3 only

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11. Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar function?
a) Typhlosole in earthworm, intestinal villi in rat and contractile vacuole in Amoeba.
b) Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat.
c) Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of earthworm.
d) Incisors of rat, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroach and tube feet of starfish.

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12. Ducts of Bellini are present in
a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Intestine
d) Medulla oblongata

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13. The human kidney produces how much concentrated urine than the initial filtrate formed?
a) 2 times
b) 4 times
c) 6 times
d) 3 times

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14. What is the ratio of concentration of outer medulla to outer portion of inner medulla?
a) \[\frac{1}{3}\]
b) \[\frac{2}{3}\]
c) \[\frac{4}{3}\]
d) \[\frac{1}{4}\]

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15. The functioning of kidney is regulated by
a) Hypothalamus
b) JGA
c) Heart
d) All of these

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16. ADH causes
a) Increased water absorption from DCT and CT
b) Increased GFR by increasing blood pressure
c) Increases reabsorption of electrolyte from distal tubules
d) All of these

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17. Arrange the following steps in order
(1) Excessive loss of fluid
(2) Stimulation of osmoreceptor
(3) Stimulation of Hypothalamus
(4) Release of ADH or Vasopressin
(5) ADH facilitate water reabsorption from distal tubules
(6) Increase in body fluid switch off osmoreceptor and suppress the release of ADH.
a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
b) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6
c) 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
d) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 6

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18. Stimulus for activation of JG cells to release rennin is/are
a) ↓ Glomerular blood flow
b) ↓ Glomerular blood pressure
c) ↓ GFR
d) All of these

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19. RAAS involve
a) JGA apparatus
b) Angiotensinogen
c) Adrenal cortex
d) All of these

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20. Select the incorrect from the following:

a) 2,3
b) 1,3
c) 4
d) 5,6

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21.Increase in blood pressure is caused by
a) ↑es ADH secretion
b) ↑es Aldosterone secretion
c) ↑es Angiotensinogen II
d) All of these

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22. Which of the following is true about ANF?
a) Full form is Autonomic Nervous Factor
b) Antagonistic to Renin–Angiotensin mechanism
c) It causes vasoconstriction
d) All of these

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23. Find the correct steps for micturition (arrange in order).
(A) Urine filled in urinary bladder
(B) Stretch–receptor activation
(C) Wall of bladder send signal to CNS
(D) Motor message from CNS to urinary bladder and urethral sphincter
(E) Bladder contracts and sphincter dilates leads to micturition
a) A → B → C → D → E
b) C → B → A → D → E
c) B → A → C → D → E
d) A → B → C → E → D

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24. Neural mechanism of micturition is called
a) Micturition reflex
b) Simple reflex
c) Conditioned reflex
d) All of these

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25. An adult human excretes how much urine per day?
a) 1–1.5 litre
b) 1.5–2 litre
c) 5–1 litre
d) 3 litre

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26. On an average _________ of urea is excreted out per day
a) 20–25 gm
b) 25–30 gm
c) 25–30 mg
d) 40–45 gm

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27. Analysis of urine help in the clinical diagnosis of
a) Metabolic disorders
b) Malfunctioning of kidney
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) All of these

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28. Select the correct matching:



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29. Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine is called
a) Glycosuria and ketonuria
b) Glycogenic and ketonuria
c) Glycosuria and ketonemia
d) Gluconeogenesis and ketonaemia

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30. Glycosuria and ketonuria is indicative of
a) Starvation
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Diabetes insipidus
d) All of these

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31. Sweat contains
a) Watery fluid with NaCl
b) Urea
c) Lactic acid
d) All of these

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32. Primary function of sweat is
a) Removal of excess of water
b) Removal of urea
c) Cooling of body surface
d) All of these

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33. Nitrogenous waste is eliminated through
a) Kidney
b) Saliva
c) Sweat gland
d) All of these

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34. Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes are eliminated through
a) Liver
b) Lungs
c) Sebaceous glands
d) Sweat glands

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35. Select the incorrect statement from the following.
a) Liver is the second largest gland in our body.
b) Sebum provides protective oily covering for skin.
c) Bile contains substance like bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins and drugs are passed with digestive wastes.
d) Other than kidneys lungs, liver and skin also helps in the elimination of excretory wastes.

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36. Which is not a part of renal tubule?
a) PCT
b) Bowman’s capsule
c) DCT
d) Collecting duct

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37. Select the total number of excretory organ from the following found in various animals:
Protonephridia, SA node, nephridia, Hepatic Cecae, atrium, Malpighian tubules, green glands, kidney, pons, ommatidia, parapodia
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

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38. Excretory organs help in
a) Excretion only
b) Maintenance of acid–base balance
c) Maintenance of ionic balance
d) All of these

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39. Our lung removes how much of \[CO_{2}\] per hour from the body
a) 10 L
b) 20 L
c) 18 L
d) 2 L

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40. Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney is
a) Renal failure
b) Renal calculi
c) Glomerulonephritis
d) Cystitis

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41. Stone and insoluble mass of crystallized salts, formed within the kidney is generally made up of
a) Calcium carbonate
b) Calcium oxalate
c) Silica
d) Any of these

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42.Which is the ultimate method for the correction of acute renal failure?
a) Haemodialysis
b) Renal transplantation
c) Blood transfusion
d) Angioplasty

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43. Following are the steps of dialysis:
A. Blood is passed into a vein.
B. Blood is mixed with heparin.
C. Blood is mixed with anti-heparin.
D. Blood is drained from convenient artery.
E. Blood is passed through a coiled and porous cellophane tube bathing in dialysis fluid.
F. Removal of nitrogenous wastes from blood.
The correct sequence of steps is
a) A → B → C → D → E → F
b) D → B → E → F → C → A
c) F → C → E → B → A → D
d) D → C → E → F → B → A

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44. Malfunctioning of kidney may lead to the accumulation of _______ in blood.
a) Glucose
b) Amino acid
c) Urea
d) All of these

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45.Which of the following is true about renal transplantation?
a) Kidney transplantation is the ultimate method at the stage where drug or dialysis do not help.
b) Immunosuppressive agent are used in kidney transplant patient.
c) Close relatives are often used as kidney donors to minimise the risk of rejection.
d) All the above

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46. In the diagram of excretory system of human beings given below, different parts have been indicated by alphabets; choose the answer in which these alphabets have been correctly matched with the parts which they represent.

a) A–Kidney, B–Abdominal aorta, C–Ureters, D–Urinary bladder, E–Urethra, F–Renal pelvis
b) A–Kidney, B–Abdominal aorta, C–Urethra, D–Urinary bladder, E–Ureters, F–Renal pelvis
c) A–Kidney, B–Renal pelvis, C–Urethra, D–Urinary bladder, E–Ureters, F–Abdominal aorta
d) A–Kidney, B–Abdominal aorta, C–Urethra, D–Urinary bladder, E–Renal pelvis, F–Ureters

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47. Match the excretory functions of section I with the parts of the excretory system in section II.
Choose the correct combinations from among the answers given.

a) (i)–(d), (ii)–(a), (iii)–(b), (iv)–(c)
b) (i)–(d), (ii)–(c), (iii)–(b), (iv)–(a)
c) (i)–(e), (ii)–(d), (iii)–(a), (iv)–(c)
d) (i)–(e), (ii)–(d), (iii)–(a), (iv)–(b)

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48.Observe the following figure.

Identify A to E structure:



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49. Go through the following figure:

Identify A to D.


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50. Match the following:

a) A–Proximal convoluted tubule, B–Afferent arteriole, C–Vasa recta, D–Bowman’s capsule, E–Henle’s loop
b) A–Henle’s loop, B–Vasa recta, C–Proximal convoluted tubule, D–Bowman’s capsule, E–Afferent arteriole
c) A–Bowman’s capsule, B–Henle’s loop, C–Proximal convoluted tubule, D–Vasa recta, E–Afferent arteriole
d) A–Vasa recta, B–Proximal convoluted tubule, C–Bowman’s capsule, D–Afferent arteriole, E–Henle’s loop

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