1. If screening calculations indicate that the risk is below risk levels of concern, a quantitative uncertainty analysis may not be necessary for site.
a) true
b) false
Explanation: Detailed analyses will indicate the true risk is even less than initially estimated because screening calculations are designed to provide a risk estimate that is highly improbable to underestimate the true risk.
2. The different ways a person can come into contact with hazardous chemicals are called _______
a) Exposure pathways
b) Toxic pathways
c) Chemical pathways
d) Hazard pathways
Explanation: There are three basic exposure pathways which are inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Inhalation is breathing or inhaling into the lungs. Ingestion is taking something in by mouth. Skin contact occurs when something comes in direct contact with skin.
3. Ingestion can be called secondary exposure pathway after skin contact happens.
a) false
b) true
Explanation: Ingestion can be a secondary exposure pathway after skin contact happens only if the exposed person put his hands in his mouth and transfer the chemical from his hands to his mouth.
4. Minamata, Japan hazard outbreak had _____ effect on the population.
a) Direct
b) Acute
c) Minimal
d) Chronic
Explanation: Hazard outbreak in Minamata, Japan in 1956 caused due to consumption of Methylmercury in fish. It lead to neurological disease which is popularly known as Minamata disease.
5. Exposure to ______ caused environmental hazard in USA in the year 1985.
a) Methylisocyanate
b) Lead in paint
c) Carbamate pesticide
d) Lead
Explanation: Consumption of watermelons which had been sprayed with carbamate pesticide in California, in the year 1985 lead to environmental outbreak. It effected gastrointestinal, skeletal, muscle, autonomic and central nervous system.
6. Which of the following chemical is responsible for London smog episode?
a) Sulphur dioxide
b) Sulphur
c) Sulphur trioxide
d) Sulphur oxide
Explanation: Severe air-pollution with sulphur dioxide and suspended particulate matter (SPM) caused London smog episode in 1952. Increase in heart and lung disease manifestations was reported.
7. Environmental disease outbreak in Toyama, Japan was due to ___________
a) Lead
b) Cadmium
c) Mercury
d) Zinc
Explanation: Cadmium in rice caused kidney and bone disease to wide population in Toyama, Japan in 1950s.
8. Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
a) Methylisocyanate
b) Methylisocyanade
c) Methyl
d) Methylcyanate
Explanation: The Bhopal gas tragedy was an industrial accident which happened at a pesticide plant in the city of Bhopal, India. In 1984, the plant released tonnes of toxic methylisocyanate (MIC) gas, exposing wide range of population to toxic gases.
9. Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________
a) Immune system
b) Nervous system
c) Skin
d) Respiratory system
Explanation: Arsenic from pressure treated wood, cadmium from discarded batteries, carbon monoxide from car exhaust, and cyanide from rat poison causes effect on nervous system
10. Acute effects may take years to show up
a) true
b) false
Explanation: Acute effects show up immediately or soon after exposure to the chemical. It may be minor, like nose or throat irritation, or could be serious, like eye damage whereas chronic (long-term) effects may take years to show up and these effects are permanent.