1. The emulsifiers in water in oil type emulsions are ________
a) Sodium salts
b) Potassium salts
c) Oxides
d) Alkaline earth soaps
Explanation: The emulsifiers in water in oil type are alkaline earth metals. Sulphides, sodium and potassium salts are used in oil in water type emulsion. To prepare water in oil type emulsions, 1-10% of water and emulsifiers are added to the oil.
2. The most common reason for the degradation of petroleum oil is their _________
a) Volatility
b) Oxidation
c) Reduction
d) Temperature coefficient
Explanation: Oxidation inhibitors are one of the types of the additives. The oxidation is the main reason for the petroleum oil degradation. At high temperatures, the hydro carbons of the petroleum oil undergo homolytic fission to generate free radicals.
3. The oxidation inhibitors terminate the hydro peroxide chain by combining with ___________
a) Hydrogen peroxide
b) Oxides of metals
c) Hydro carbons
d) Ozone
Explanation: After the homolytic fission of the petroleum oil to produce free radicals and they react with oxides to form the hydrogen peroxides. Some hydro peroxides decompose to form the aldehydes, ketones etc. If they are reacted with hydrogen peroxide then the chain will be terminated.
4. ___________ are surface active additives.
a) Oxide inhibitors
b) Rust inhibitors
c) Dispersants
d) Friction modifiers
Explanation: The rust inhibitors are the surface active additives. They mainly acts on the surface and makes the metal corrosion free. Mainly from the water corrosion. They form thin film on the surface. It is the oxide film that protects the metal.
5. Tiadiazole and triazole derivatives are used for __________
a) Aluminium alloy corrosion
b) Silver corrosion
c) Copper corrosion
d) Manganese corrosion
Explanation: The tiadiazole and triazole derivatives are used to protect the non ferrous metals from corrosion. They also protect the copper derivatives from corrosion. Organic phosphates and sodium and sodium and calcium sulphonates are used as the rust inhibitors in machinery.
6. To reduce the wear and tear of the gears ____________ are used.
a) Anti wear agents
b) Rust inhibitors
c) Oxide inhibitors
d) Dispersants
Explanation: To reduce thee wear and tear of the gears anti wear agents or the extreme pressure agents are used. In high pressure hydraulic components are zinc dialkyl dithiosulphates are used.
7. In steel and steel lubrication, the zinc dialkyl dithiosulphates forms __________
a) ZnSO4
b) ZnSO2
c) ZnSO3
d) ZnS
Explanation: In steel and steel lubrication, the zinc dithiosulphates forms the zinc oxide, zinc sulphide and ferrous oxide and some other zinc organo phosphates. They prevent the wear and tear of steel.
8. In automotive applications __________ are used.
a) Friction modifiers
b) Dispersants
c) Anti wear agents
d) Oxide inhibitors
Explanation: The friction modifiers are used in the auto mobile applications. Mild extreme pressure agent in boundary lubrication conditions are, they prevent stick slip oscillations and control noise in the automatic transmissions.
9. Friction modifiers have 12-18 carbons.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: The friction modifiers have 12 to 18 carbons. The fatty alcohols and esters of fatty acids also act as friction modifiers. Glyceride of the rapeseed and lard oil is used as the friction modifiers in machineries.
10. The oil insoluble sludge can be reduced by using ____________
a) Pour point depressants
b) Friction modifiers
c) Oxide inhibitors
d) detergents
Explanation: The oil insoluble sludge can be reduced by using detergents. Despersants are similar to detergents. Vanish and carbon from fuel combustion in internal combustion engines, there will be depositions of oil insoluble materials. Those are reduced by detergents.