1. A bone marrow donor for bone marrow transplant is compulsorily supposed to be a relative.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: No, the bone marrow donor for bone marrow transplant procedure doesn’t necessarily have to be a relative. But, the siblings are bound to have more compatibility than the parents and are a better option to be considered if no other donor is available.
2. __________ is considered as a miraculous solution to Organ shortages.
a) Tissue Engineering
b) Xeno-transplantation
c) Iso-transplantation
d) Allo-transplantation
Explanation: Tissue Engineering is considered as a miraculous solution to Organ shortage, as we no more have to wait for a compatible donor to die. On the other hand Xeno-transplantation, Iso-transplantation and Allo-transplantation involve donors from whom the particular organ concerned can only be taken when they die.
3. Which of the following is a major focus of a technique of tissue engineering called autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT)?
a) Cartilage
b) Bone
c) Skin
d) Stem Cells
Explanation: Cartilage is the main focus of the technique named autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT). In the ACT, chondrocytes are isolated from the biopsy of healthy cartilage and cultured in vitro for a few weeks to reach a sufficient number of cells.
4. Quite like Tissue engineering _____________ is a branch of translational research trying to devise ways to fool the immune system in order to avoid immune attacks.
a) cloning
b) gene therapy
c) regenerative medicine
d) molecular medicine
Explanation: Translational research is a domain of research that makes use of knowledge from basic biology and clinical trials to create tools and techniques that address chronic medical needs. Regenerative medicine is one of the tools under translational research which deals with replacing the diseased cells in order to restore normal cell function. Whereas molecular medicine is a much broader field aiming to develop molecular interventions to correct molecular and genetic errors of a disease. Gene therapy on the other hand again aims at treating or preventing the disease by the use of genes. On the other hand, cloning is a technique of creating a genetic duplicate of an organism either artificially or naturally.
5. Gradual deterioration of the Immune system as age increases is termed as ___________________
a) immuno-senescence
b) immuno-staining
c) immuno-suppression
d) immuno-surveillance
Explanation: Gradual deterioration of the Immune system as age increases is termed as immuno-senescence. Immuno-staining is an antibody-based technique for identifying a protein in a given sample. Immuno-suppression is the term for shutting down the immune system of a person using immune-suppressants. This is done in order to avoid immune attacks on the foreign tissue grafted onto the patient’s body. The process by which the immune system looks for and identifies foreign pathogens are called immune-surveillance.
6. _____________ is referred to as The Father of Regenerative Medicine.
a) Arnie Caplan
b) Gregor Mendel
c) Aristotle
d) Theophrastus
Explanation: Arnie Caplan is referred to as The Father of Regenerative Medicine. Gregor Mendel (1822-1844), Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) and Theophrastus (371–286 B.C.) are referred to as fathers of Genetics, Biology, and Botany respectively.
7. Immuno-suppressants are usually used to overcome the immune-rejection caused due to the immune system’s attack on the foreign tissue used in transplantation.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: In the case of transplantation of a tissue received from a donor into the patient’s body, there are high chances of graft-rejection thus causing degradation of the graft tissue. This calls for the use of immune-suppressants to shut down the immune system to some extent. This is not the case with regenerative medicine because the cells used for treatment are mostly autologous cells.
8. In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine support or biomaterial is required for the cells to be cultured. Nature’s template for a biomaterial is the _____________
a) extra-cellular matrix
b) stroma lamellae
c) lymph fluid
d) blood plasma
Explanation: In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine support or biomaterial is required for the cells to be cultured. Nature’s template for a biomaterial is the extracellular matrix. It is secreted by cells and acts as a specific, functional and protective layer for the cells.
9. Decellularization is a technique used to extract out cell/genetic material free extracellular matrix to produce a near-natural scaffold to avoid immune rejections.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Decellularization is a technique used to extract out cell/genetic material free extracellular matrix to produce a near-natural scaffold to avoid immune rejections. Decellularization is accomplished using chemical, enzymatic or physical methods. This technique is a major advancement in Regenerative Medicine.
10. ____________ refers to the removal of cells from a multicellular organism along with few growth factors and grown in a favorable environment.
a) Cell Culture
b) Cell Division
c) Cell Isolation
d) Cell proliferation
Explanation: Cell Culture refers to the removal of cells from a multicellular organism along with few growth factors and grown in a favorable environment. Cell division is the process in which the cell contents are split so that two daughter cells with an equal amount of cell contents are formed. Cell isolation is to separate a particular type of cell from a pool of cells. Cell proliferation is a process resulting in an increase in the number of cells.