1. What is the main component of the tissues in our body?
a) Cells
b) Organs
c) Muscles
d) Cartilage
Explanation: Tissues are made up of various specialized cells that are grouped together according to their function. Whereas organs consist of tissues as one of their main components along with stroma, muscles are a kind of tissue which consist of specialized cells which aid in our movement and cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue which is found in certain regions of the respiratory tract as well as in the articulating surfaces of joints.
2. What was a loose belief on which the miasma theory was based on?
a) The diseases like cholera and chlamydia were caused by pollution
b) Microorganisms known as pathogens can lead to disease
c) Pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
d) Vericella zoster is the virus that causes Chickenpox
Explanation: The miasma theory is an obsolete medical theory which believed that few of the diseases like cholera were caused by pollution, a noxious form of “bad air”. The theory suggested that the cause of epidemics arose from miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter.
3. Tissue transplants usually give rise to a ______ response.
a) cold
b) immune
c) hot
d) no
Explanation: The presence of foreign tissue after the transplant triggers something that is called an immune response, in which there are immune attacks (chronic rejection) on the donor’s tissue causing its degradation.
4. Tissue Engineering is a branch of Biotechnology which relies on the knowledge available in the other branches of Biotechnology like biochemistry, cell biology, immunology, and genetics.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Tissue Engineering is a field that fuels itself from the knowledge borrowed from other well-established fields like immunology, genetics, cell biology and biochemistry for the treatment of human disease.
5. _________ approach of tissue engineering facilitates the self-repair of tissues.
a) Substitutive
b) Histoconductive
c) Histioconductive
d) Analytical
Explanation: Currently approaches to tissue engineering can be stratified as substitutive, histoconductive and histioconductive. The histoconductive approach facilitates self-repair which may involve gene therapy.
6. Allo-transplantation is a technique of transplantation of cells in which the cells are derived from a genetically identical donor.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Allo-transplantation is a technique of transplantation of cells in which the cells are derived from a genetically non-identical donor, within the same species. Xenotransplantation is a technique of transplantation of cells in which the cells are derived from a genetically non-identical donor, across different species. Auto-transplantation is a technique of transplantation of cells in which the cells are derived from one part of the body to another in the same person.
7. ____________ is a very important component in tissue engineering, which incorporates the three important elements, cells, biomaterials, and growth factors.
a) Scaffolding Technique
b) Seeding
c) Cell culture technique
d) Cell isolation technique
Explanation: Scaffolding is a very important component in tissue engineering, which incorporates the three important elements, cells, biomaterials and growth factors. Whereas seeding is the step following scaffolding in which the cells are cultured on a framework of the tissue. The cells to be seeded on the scaffold are isolated and cultured according to the type and need.
8. ___________ are the favorite cell type in tissue engineering as they don’t evoke an immune response.
a) Autologous cells
b) Differentiated stem cells
c) Heterogeneous cells
d) Fibroblasts
Explanation: Autologous cells are considered the favorite kind of cells in tissue engineering as they do not evoke an immune response when administered. They also eliminate the need for immunosuppressants. Heterologous cells are derived from a genetically non-identical donor might cause a possible immune response. Differentiated stem cells and fibroblast cells could be either autologous or heterologous based on the source they are derived from.
9. Which organ cannot be transplanted at present?
a) Brain
b) Heart
c) Lungs
d) Pancreas
Explanation: Brain is an example of the organs that cannot be transplanted in today’s date, but heart, lungs, and pancreas can be transplanted provided a donor is available, with appropriate compatibility like the same blood group, similar age, etc.
10. If a person is going to receive stem cell transplantation, they need to go through chemotherapy and other radiation procedures as a part of the preparation for the transplantation.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: Yes, if a person is going to receive stem cell transplantation, they need to go through chemotherapy and other radiation procedures as a part of the preparation for the transplantation. This is done to destroy the defective stem cells in the part of the body from where the Adult stem cells are going to be derived.