1. How many bones does an adult human skeleton have?
a) 206
b) 209
c) 207
d) 205
Explanation: In the skeleton of the adult there are 206 distinct bones and the bifurcation is given below:-
Vertebral column – 26
Skull – 22
Hyoid bone – 1
Ribs and sternum – 25
Upper extremities – 64
Lower extremities – 62
Auditory ossicles – 6.
2. Name the four classes of bones?
a) Long, short, regular, irregular
b) Big, small, flat, bulged
c) Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
d) Big, small, regular, irregular
Explanation: Bones are divisible into four classes: Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular. The long bones are found in the limbs, and each consists of a body or shaft and two extremities. Some of the irregular bones are vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, inferior nasal concha, mandible and hyoid. Flat bones are composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them variable quantity of cancellous tissue. Where a part of the skeleton is intended for strength and compactness combined with limited movement, it is constructed of a number of short bones, as in the carpus and tarsus.
3. Name the two kinds of tissues present in the bone?
a) Cancellous tissue and non-compact tissue
b) Compact tissue and non compact tissue
c) Compact tissue and cancellous tissue
d) Non compact tissue and cancellous tissue
Explanation: On examining a section of any bone, it is seen to be composed of two kinds of tissue, one of which is dense in texture, like ivory, and is termed compact tissue; the other consists of slender fibers and lamellæ, which join to form a reticular structure; this, from its resemblance to lattice-work, is called cancellous tissue. The compact tissue is placed on the exterior of the bone and cancellous in the interior.
4. Which of the following connective tissue envelopes the bone?
a) Periosteum
b) Pericardium
c) Myocardium
d) Marrow
Explanation: The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones but not to cartilaginous extremities. When strong tendons or ligaments are attached to a bone, the periosteum is incorporated with them.
5. Spongy bones do not have a haversian system.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: Compact bone tissue forms the outer layer of all bones while spongy or cancellous bone forms the inner layer of all bones. Spongy bone tissue does not contain osteons. it consists of trabeculae.
6. Which cell secretes the matrix for bone formation?
a) Osteoclastoma
b) Osteoclast
c) Mesoblasts
d) Osteoblasts
Explanation: Osteoblasts are cell which secrete the substance of bone. They are single nucleus cells. It helps in synthesis of bone.
7. Which of the following are two types of bone marrow?
a) Red marrow and yellow marrow
b) Red marrow and white marrow
c) Yellow marrow and white marrow
d) White marrow and blue marrow
Explanation: The two types of bone marrows are red marrow and yellow marrow. Red marrow consists of hematopoietic tissue. The yellow marrow is made up of fat cells.
8. The vertebrae in the upper three regions of the column remain distinct throughout life and are known as true or movable vertebrae.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: The vertebrae in the upper three regions of the column remain distinct throughout life. They are known as true or movable vertebrae. Those of the sacral and coccygeal regions, on the other hand, are termed false or fixed vertebrae, because they are united with one another in the adult to form two bones—five forming the upper bone or sacrum and four the terminal bone or coccyx
9. Which of the following is the largest segment of the movable part of the vertebral column?
a) Coccygeal
b) Cervical
c) Lumbar vertebrae
d) Thoracic
Explanation: The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column. They can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen in the transverse process and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body
10. Choose the correct vertebral formula of vertebral column of human being.
a) C7 Th13 L4 S5 Co4
b) C7 Th12 L5 S5 Co4
c) C7 Th13 L5 S5 Co4
d) C7 Th12 L5 S5 Co4
Explanation: The vertebrae are thirty-three in number and are grouped under the names cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. According to the regions they occupy there are seven in the cervical region, twelve in the thoracic, five in the lumbar, five in the sacral and four in the coccygeal.