Anatomy of Flowering Plants Questions and Answers - Secondary Growth

1. The vascular cambium activity is
a) More on inner side than outer
b) More on outer side than inner
c) Equal on outer and inner side
d) None of these

Answer: a
Explanation: The vascular cambium activity is more on inner side than outer

2. The following will not happen during secondary growth by cambium ring:
a) Secondary xylem produced is more than secondary phloem.
b) Primary and secondary phloem is crushed due to continued formation and accumulation of secondary xylem.
c) Primary xylem remains more or less intact in or around centre.
d) The cells cut off towards pith mature into secondary phloem and cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary xylem.

Answer: d
Explanation: The cells cut off towards pith mature into secondary phloem and cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary xylem.

3. During secondary growth all occur except
a) Secondary medullar rays forms
b) Phloem crushed
c) Primary phloem forms
d) Secondary xylem forms

Answer: c
Explanation: Primary phloem forms

4. The activity of cambium is under control of
a) Physiological factor
b) Environmental factor
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

Answer: c
Explanation: Both (a) and (b)

5. Select the total number of correct statements from the following:
(1) In spring season cambium is active and produces a large number of xylary elements having vessels with wider lumen.
(2) The spring wood is also known as early wood.
(3) In winter, the cambium is less active and forms few xylary elements having narrow vessels this is called autumn wood or late wood.
(4) The spring wood is lighter in colour and has lower density.
(5) Autumn wood is darker and has higher density.
(6) Annual ring (autumn wood and spring wood) used to estimate the age of plant.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

Answer: d
Explanation: 6

6. In older trees, the greater part of secondary xylem is dark brown due to the deposition of
a) Tannins and resins
b) Oil and gums
c) Aromatic substance and essential oil
d) All of these

Answer: d
Explanation: All of these

7. The dark brown deposition of organic compound in heartwood will make it
a) Hard
b) Durable
c) Resistant to microbes and pest
d) All of these

Answer: d
Explanation: All of these

8. Heartwood contains
a) Live lignified element
b) Dead highly lignified element
c) Live non-lignified element
d) Dead non-lignified elements

Answer: b
Explanation: Dead highly lignified element

9. The function of heartwood is
a) Conduction of water
b) Conduction of mineral
c) Conduction of food
d) Mechanical support

Answer: d
Explanation: The function of heartwood is Mechanical support.

10. Peripheral region of secondary xylem, which is light in color is known as
a) Heartwood (duramen)
b) Sapwood (alburnum)
c) Spring wood
d) Autumn wood

Answer: b
Explanation: Sapwood (alburnum)

11. The cells of secondary cortex are
a) Parenchymatous
b) Sclerenchymatous
c) Collenchymatous
d) Meristems

Answer: a
Explanation: The cells of secondary cortex are Parenchymatous.

12. Bark refers to
a) Periderm
b) Secondary phloem
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

Answer: c
Explanation: Both (a) and (b)

13. At certain region, the phellogen cuts off closely arranged parenchymatous cells on the outer side instead of cork cells. These parenchymatous cells soon rupture epidermis, forming a lensshaped opening called
a) Hydathodes
b) Stomata
c) Lenticels
d) none of these

Answer: c
Explanation: Lenticels

14. Which of the following is correct about lenticels?
a) It is present in most of the woody trees
b) It helps in gaseous exchange
c) It is formed by the activity of phellogen
d) All of these

Answer: d
Explanation: All of these

15. In dicot root, the vascular cambium is
a) Completely primary in origin
b) Partly primary and partly secondary
c) Completely secondary in origin
d) none of these

Answer: c
Explanation: In dicot root, the vascular cambium is completely secondary in origin

16. Initially formed cambium in dicot root is
a) Circular
b) Rectangular
c) Oval
d) Wavy

Answer: d
Explanation: Initially formed cambium in dicot root is wavy

17. Secondary growth occur in
a) Dicot root
b) Dicot stem
c) Stem and root of gymnosperm
d) All of these

Answer: d
Explanation: All of these

18. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) Wood is actually a secondary xylem.
b) Different type of woods are found on basis of their composition and time of production.
c) Monocot and dicot show marked variation in their internal structure.
d) Increase in girth of dicot stem by vascular cambium only.

Answer: d
Explanation: "Increase in girth of dicot stem by vascular cambium only". This is incorrect.

19. Main functions of plant tissues are
a) Assimilation of food and its storage
b) Transportation of water, mineral and photosynthates
c) Mechanical support
d) All of these

Answer: d
Explanation: All of these

20. Cambium causes growth in
a) Circumference
b) Width (diameter)
c) Leaves
d) Length

Answer: b
Explanation: Cambium causes growth in width (diameter).

21. The function of cork cambium (phellogen) is to produce
a) Cork and secondary cortex
b) Secondary xylem and secondary phloem
c) Cork
d) Secondary cortex and phloem

Answer: a
Explanation: The function of cork cambium (phellogen) is to produce cork and secondary cortex.

22. Other names of secondary cortex, cork cambium and cork are
a) Phellem, phelloderm and phellogen
b) Phellogen, phellem and phelloderm
c) Phelloderm, phellogen and phellem
d) Phellogen, phelloderm and phellem

Answer: c
Explanation: Phelloderm, phellogen and phellem

23. In dicot roots, the vascular cambium is derived from
a) Epidermis
b) Hypodermis
c) Cortex
d) Pericycle

Answer: d
Explanation: In dicot roots, the vascular cambium is derived from pericycle.

24. Periderm is made up of
a) Phellem
b) Phellogen
c) Phelloderm
d) All of these

Answer: d
Explanation: All of these

25. Cork cells are
a) Dead
b) Photosynthetic
c) Elongated and participates in movement
d) Meristematic

Answer: a
Explanation: Cork cells are dead.

26. Annual rings are distinct in plants growing in
a) Tropical regions
b) Arctic region
c) Grasslands
d) Temperate region

Answer: d
Explanation: Annual rings are distinct in plants growing in temperate region

27. Xylem, which is functional in a dicot tree is
a) Spring wood
b) Sap wood
c) Autumn wood
d) Heart wood

Answer: b
Explanation: Sap wood

28. External protective tissues of plants (of dicot stem are)
a) Cork and pericycle
b) Cortex and epidermis
c) Pericycle and cortex
d) Epidermis and cork

Answer: d
Explanation: Epidermis and cork

29. Cork cambium is a
a) Secondary meristem
b) Apical meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Primary meristem

Answer: a
Explanation: Cork cambium is a Secondary meristem.

30. Cambium, which produces cork is known as
a) Phelloderm
b) Phellogen
c) Periblem
d) Periderm

Answer: b
Explanation: Cambium, which produces cork is known as Phellogen.

31. Dendrochronology is the study of
a) Height of a tree
b) Diameter of a tree
c) Age of a tree by counting the number of annual rings in the main stem
d) none of these

Answer: c
Explanation: Dendrochronology is the study of age of a tree by counting the number of annual rings in the main stem.

32. The tissue made up of thin-walled rectangular cells responsible for the secondary growth is
a) Cortex
b) Xylem
c) Cambium
d) Pith

Answer: c
Explanation: The tissue made up of thin-walled rectangular cells responsible for the secondary growth is cambium

33. In old dicot stems, a major part of the wood is filled up with tannins, resins, gums, etc. This part of wood is called
a) Hard wood
b) Heart wood
c) Sap wood
d) Soft wood

Answer: b
Explanation: In old dicot stems, a major part of the wood is filled up with tannins, resins, gums, etc. This part of wood is called Heart wood.

34. Lenticel develops through the activity of
a) Vascular cambium
b) Dermatogens
c) Phellogen
d) Intercalary meristem

Answer: c
Explanation: Lenticel develops through the activity of Phellogen

35. The waxy substance associated with cell walls of cork cells are impervious to water because of the presence of _________, which gets deposited on cork cells
a) Cutin
b) Suberin
c) Lignin
d) Hemicellulose

Answer: b
Explanation: The waxy substance associated with cell walls of cork cells are impervious to water because of the presence of Suberin, which gets deposited on cork cells

36. Growth rings determines the
a) Age
b) Length
c) Breadth
d) Number of branches of a plant

Answer: a
Explanation: Growth rings determines the age.

37. Lenticels are formed in bark, which are
a) Aerating pores
b) Made up of phloem
c) Made up of xylem
d) Found in monocot plants

Answer: a
Explanation: Lenticels are formed in bark, which are aerating pores.

38. Heart wood or duramen is the
a) Outer region of secondary xylem
b) Inner region of secondary xylem
c) Outer region of secondary phloem
d) Inner region of secondary phloem

Answer: b
Explanation: Heart wood or duramen is the inner region of secondary xylem

39. The bark of tree comprises of
a) All the tissues outside the vascular cambium
b) All the tissues outside the cork cambium
c) Only the cork
d) The cork and secondary cortex

Answer: a
Explanation: The bark of tree comprises of all the tissues outside the vascular cambium

40. The layer of cells between endodermis and vascular bundles is called
a) Epidermis
b) Pericycle
c) Hypodermis
d) Pith

Answer: b
Explanation: The layer of cells between endodermis and vascular bundles is called Pericycle.

41. Bulliform or motor cells are present in
a) Dicot stem
b) Upper epidermis of dicot leaves
c) Lower epidermis of monocot leaves
d) Upper epidermis of monocot leaves

Answer: d
Explanation: Bulliform or motor cells are present in upper epidermis of monocot leaves

42. Exarch and polyarch vascular bundles occur in
a) Monocot stem
b) Monocot root
c) Dicot stem
d) Dicot root

Answer: b
Explanation: Exarch and polyarch vascular bundles occur in Monocot root

43. In root, the xylem is
a) Mesarch
b) Exarch
c) Placed at different places in different plants
d) Endarch

Answer: b
Explanation: In root, the xylem is exarch

44. In monocot leaf
a) Bulliform cells are absent from the epidermis
b) Veins form a network
c) Mesophyll is well differentiated into these parts
d) Mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma

Answer: d
Explanation: Mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma

45. In dicot root
a) Vascular bundles are scattered and with cambium
b) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring and have cambium
c) Xylem and phloem are radially arranged
d) Xylem is always endarch

Answer: c
Explanation: Xylem and phloem are radially arranged

46. Well-developed pith is found in
a) Monocot stem and dicot root
b) Monocot and dicot stems
c) Dicot stem and dicot root
d) Dicot stem and monocot root

Answer: d
Explanation: Well-developed pith is found in dicot stem and monocot root

47.The correct situation of mesophyll in isobilateral grass leaf is shown by
a) Palisade towards adaxial surface
b) Palisade towards abaxial surface
c) Undifferentiated mesophyll
d) Palisade along both the surface

Answer: c
Explanation: Undifferentiated mesophyll

48. Monocot root differs from dicot root in having
a) Open vascular bundles
b) Scattered vascular bundles
c) Well-developed pith
d) Radially arranged vascular bundles

Answer: c
Explanation: Well-developed pith

49. Vascular bundles are scattered in
a) Bryophytes
b) Dicot root
c) Dicot stem
d) Monocot stem

Answer: d
Explanation: Vascular bundles are scattered in Monocot stem.

50. Generally hypodermis in monocots is composed of
a) Parenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Collenchymas
d) Chlorenchyma

Answer: b
Explanation: Generally hypodermis in monocots is composed of Sclerenchyma.

51. The polyarch condition is seen in
a) Monocot stem
b) Monocot root
c) Dicot root
d) Dicot stem

Answer: b
Explanation: The polyarch condition is seen in Monocot root

52. Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of the anatomy of dicotyledonous root?
a) Radial vascular bundles
b) Secondary growth
c) Pith is little or absent
d) Conjoint collateral

Answer: d
Explanation: Conjoint collateral

53. Endodermis of dicot stem is also called
a) Bundle sheath
b) Starch sheath
c) Mesophyll
d) Pith

Answer: b
Explanation: Endodermis of dicot stem is also called Starch sheath.

54. The cell layer located at the periphery in the cross-section of the root is called
a) Endodermis
b) Epiblema
c) Pericycle
d) Xylem

Answer: b
Explanation: The cell layer located at the periphery in the cross-section of the root is called Epiblema.

55. Exarch xylem is found in
a) Root
b) Stem
c) Leaf
d) Rachis

Answer: a
Explanation: Exarch xylem is found in root.

56. Two to four xylem bundle are found in
a) Monocot root
b) Monocot stem
c) Dicot stem
d) Dicot root

Answer: d
Explanation: Two to four xylem bundle are found in dicot root.

57. Collenchymatous hypodermis is characteristics of
a) Dicot stem
b) Monocot stem
c) Monocot as well as dicot stem
d) Hydrophytes

Answer: a
Explanation: Collenchymatous hypodermis is characteristics of Dicot stem

58. Vascular bundles in dicot stem are
a) Conjoint and collateral
b) Conjoint and closed
c) Conjoint, collateral and open
d) Collateral and open

Answer: c
Explanation: Conjoint, collateral and open

59. Cortex and pith are not distinguished in
a) Dicot stem
b) Monocot stem
c) Dicot root
d) Monocot root

Answer: b
Explanation: Cortex and pith are not distinguished in monocot stem.

60. In a dorsiventral leaf, the location of palisade tissue and phloem are known as
a) Abaxial and abaxial
b) Adaxial and abaxial
c) Adaxial and adaxial
d) Abaxial and adaxial

Answer: b
Explanation: Adaxial and abaxial