1. ____ programming language is a dialect of S.
a) B
b) C
c) R
d) K
Explanation: S was initiated in 1976 as an internal statistical analysis environment—originally implemented as Fortran libraries.
2. Point out the WRONG statement?
a) Early versions of the S language contain functions for statistical modeling
b) The book Programming with Data by John Chambers documents S version of the language
c) In 1993 Bell Labs gave StatSci (later Insightful Corp.) an exclusive license to develop and sell the S language
d) The book Programming with Data by IBM documents S version of the language
Explanation: Insightful sold its implementation of the S language under the product name S-PLUS.
3. In 2004, ________ purchased the S language from Lucent for $2 million.
a) Insightful
b) Amazon
c) IBM
d) TCS
Explanation: TIBCO is the current owner of the S language and is its exclusive developer.
4. In 1991, R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in the Department of Statistics at the University of _________
a) John Hopkins
b) California
c) Harvard
d) Auckland
Explanation: In 1993 the first announcement of R was made to the public. Ross’s and Robert’s experience developing R is documented in a 1996 paper in the Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics.
5. Point out the wrong statement?
a) R is a language for data analysis and graphics
b) K is language for statistical modelling and graphics
c) One key limitation of the S language was that it was only available in a commercial package, S-PLUS
d) C is a language for data and graphics
Explanation: In 1996, a public mailing list was created (the R-help and R-devel lists) and in 1997 the R Core Group was formed, containing some people associated with S and S-PLUS.
6. Finally, in _________ R version 1.0.0 was released to the public.
a) 2000
b) 2005
c) 2010
d) 2012
Explanation: Source code for the entire R system is accessible to anyone who wanted to tinker with it.
7. R is technically much closer to the Scheme language than it is to the original _____ language.
a) B
b) C
c) C++
d) S
Explanation: R’s semantics, while superficially similar to S, are quite different.
8. The R-help and _____ mailing lists have been highly active for over a decade now.
a) R-mail
b) R-devel
c) R-dev
d) R-del
Explanation: There is considerable activity on web sites like Stack Overflow as well.
9. Which of the following describes R language?
a) Free
b) Paid
c) Available for free trial only
d) Testing
Explanation: A major advantage that R has over many other statistical packages and is that it’s free.
10. The copyright for the primary source code for R is held by the ______ Foundation.
a) A
b) S
c) C
d) R
Explanation: It is published under the GNU General Public License version.
History of R Programming Language
The Birth of R: A Geeky Tale
It's the late '90s, and a group of statistical wizards dream up R. It's not just a language; it's a rebellion against the mundane. Cue the birth of our coding superhero!
R emerges as the brainchild of Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland. These coding maestros wanted a tool that could make statistics dance and data sing.
R Grows Up: From Toddler to Teenager
As R steps into the early 2000s, it's like a mischievous toddler exploring its capabilities. The open-source community adopts it, and suddenly, R is not just a tool; it's a playground.
The R Consortium is formed, and developers worldwide join the coding fiesta. It's a teenage growth spurt for R, transforming it from a nerdy sidekick to a coding heartthrob.
The Modern R Era: More Than Just Code
Fast forward to today, and R is the rockstar of statistical computing. It's not just embraced by statisticians; it's the go-to language for data scientists, analysts, and anyone who wants to decode the language of data.
R isn't just a programming language; it's a lifestyle. With an army of packages and a vibrant community, R has become the Picasso of data visualization and the Shakespeare of statistical analysis.
Why You Should Care (Hint: MCQs Await!)
Now, you might be wondering, "Why the trip down memory lane?" Well, my curious coder, understanding the roots of R is like knowing the backstory of your favorite superhero.
And here's the kicker – the better you know R's history, the more you'll ace those R Programming MCQs. It's like having insider information to crack the code and emerge victorious in your coding quests.
In conclusion, the history of R isn't just a tale of code; it's a narrative of passion, rebellion, and triumph. So, next time you're immersed in R Programming, remember, you're not just coding; you're continuing a legendary saga!