1. What is the probability of having tetramers in the preparation of Nylon 12, when 98% of functional groups have reacted?
a) 0.0189
b) 0.05
c) 0.256
d) 1
Explanation: The probability is given by,
Pn= pn-1(1-p)
= (0.98)3(0.02)
= 0.0189.
2. What is the ratio of number to weight distribution function for a bifunctional system?
a) N0/n
b) N0
c) N
d) n/ N0
Explanation: For a bifunctional system,
Nn= N0(1-p)2pn-1
Wn= n(1-p)2pn-1
So, the ratio comes out to be N0/n.
3. How does the viscosity vary with the onset of gelation of reaction mixture?
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant
d) none of the mentioned
Explanation: With the onset of gelation, the medium viscosity increases rapidly and formation of insoluble mass (gel) takes place.
4. The cross linking established by linking the branched units leads to three dimensional structure which gives rise to the phenomenon of gelation of reaction mixture. State true or false.
a) true
b) false
Explanation: The cross linking of branched units lead to the formation of measurable proportion of insoluble and infusible mass called gel, which then rapidly gets transformed into visco-elastic mass, if reaction continues beyond the gel point.
5. What does f in the expression for critical probability that the branched unit is linked to another branched unit, represents?
a) average functionality
b) functionality of branched units
c) functionality of monomer
d) none of the mentioned
Explanation: The expression for critical probability is given by,
αc = 1/(f-1)
The f, here represents the functionality of branched units and if more than one branched units differing in functionality are used, then f is the average value of all multi-functional monomers.
6. What is the critical value of probability for trifunctional branch unit?
a) 1
b) 0.5
c) 0.25
d) 0.7
Explanation: The critical probability for a trifunctional branch unit is 0.5 and it can be verified using the formula
αc = 1/(f-1).
7. Which of the following assumptions fail taking into account the example of glycerol?
a) equal reactivity of functional groups
b) intramolecular cyclization reactions are forbidden
c) all of the mentioned
d) none of the mentioned
Explanation: Glycerol contains three hydroxyl groups where secondary hydroxyl is less reactive than other two primary hydroxyl groups. This violates the assumption of equal reactivity
8. The Carothers’ equation is used to predict the extent of polycondensation reaction at which the average degree of polymerization Xn, becomes infinite. State true or false.
a) true
b) false
Explanation: W.H. Carothers derived a general expression, relating the average functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization, which is known as Carothers’ equation
p= (2/f)(1-1/ Xn).
9. Why is it advisable to stop the reaction nearly 10-15% earlier the critical reaction completion?
a) cross-linking occurs
b) to avoid damage of reaction bowl
c) insoluble, bad quality product is obtained
d) all of the mentioned
Explanation: If the reaction continues beyond the critical point, the product obtained will be unusable. So, it is advised to stop the reaction 10-15% earlier in p to avoid all the above problems and get good quality product.
10. Which of the following can activate chain initiation?
a) heat
b) light or radiation
c) catalysts
d) all of the mentioned
Explanation: The chain initiation can be induced by heat, light or energy radiations or with the help of initiators or catalysts.