1. A truss structure consists only ___ force members.
a) Only one
b) Two
c) Three
d) Poly
Explanation: Truss elements are two node members which allow arbitrary orientation in XYZ co-ordinate system. Truss transmits axial force only, in general, three degree of freedom element. A truss structure consists only 2 truss members.
2. Plane truss element can be shown in _____
a) Local coordinate system
b) Global coordinate system
c) Local and global coordinate systems
d) Dimensional structure
Explanation: Truss is one where all members and nodes lie within two dimensional plane. Truss is that elements of a truss have various orientation. These different orientations can be shown in local and global coordinate system.
3. The truss element is a _____ when we see it in a local co-ordinate system.
a) Three dimensional
b) One dimensional
c) Two dimensional
d) Thermal component
Explanation: Truss is one where all members and nodes lie within two dimensional plane. Truss is that elements of a truss have various orientations. When we see a truss in local co-ordinate system, the element of a truss can be seen as one dimensional element.
4. Where l and m are direct cosines, then transformation matrix L is given by ___
a) \(\begin{bmatrix}l & 0 \\ m & 0\\0 & l\\0 & m \end{bmatrix}\)
b) \(\begin{bmatrix}l & 0 \\0 & m \end{bmatrix}\)
c) \(\begin{bmatrix}l & m \end{bmatrix}\)
d) \(\begin{bmatrix}l & m & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & l & m \end{bmatrix}\)
Explanation: The direct cosines l and m are introduced as l = cos θ and m=cos ф. These direction cosines are the cosines of the angles that the local x’-axis makes with the global x-, y- axes.
5. Formula for direct cosine l=cosθ= ______
a) x2-x1
b) \(\frac{x_2}{l_e}\)
c) \(\frac{x_1}{l_e}\)
d) \(\frac{x_2-x_1}{l_e}\)
Explanation: A truss is a two node element which allows arbitrary orientation in XYZ co-ordinate system. Planar truss is one where all the members and nodes lie within two dimensional plane.
6. The direct cosine m is given by formula cosф= ____
a) \(\frac{x_2-x_1}{l_e}\)
b) \(\frac{y_2-y_1}{l_e}\)
c) \(\frac{x_1-y_1}{l_e}\)
d) \(\frac{x_2-y_2}{l_e}\)
Explanation: The direct cosines l and m are introduced as l=cosθ and m=cosф. These direction cosines are cosines of the angles of that local x’- axis makes with global x- and y- axes. Let (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) be the co-ordinates of nodes 1 and 2.
7. Strain energy (U) in global co-ordinates can be written as ____
a) q’ T k’q’
b) q’ T k’
c) k’ q’
d) \(\frac{1}{2}\) q’ T k’q’
Explanation: Strain energy is defined as the energy stored in the body due to deformation. Strain energy per unit volume is known as strain energy density and the area under stress- strain curve towards the point of deformation.
8. The stress σ in a truss element is given by ____
a) σ=E
b) σ=ε
c) σ=Eeε
d) σ=α
Explanation: Stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring the particles of a continuous material exert on each other. Expression for element stresses can be obtained by noting that a truss element in local co-ordinates is simple two- force member.
9. In a truss element, element temperature load is ___
a) θe=EeAe
b) θe=EeAeε0
c) θe=EeAeε0\(\begin{Bmatrix}l \\ m \end{Bmatrix}\)
d) θe=EeAeε0\(\begin{Bmatrix}-l \\ -m \\l\\m\end{Bmatrix}\)
Explanation: In a truss, temperature effect is arised then thermal stress problem is considered here. Since the element is simply a one dimensional element when viewed in local co-ordinate system, the element temperature load in the local co-ordinate system.
10. In a 3-D truss element nodal displacement vector in a local co-ordinate is q’= ___
a) [q1‘]
b) [q2‘]
c) [q1‘,q2‘,q3‘]T
d) [q1‘,q2‘]T
Explanation: Local co-ordinates are measurement indices into a local co-ordinate system or local co-ordinate space. Nodes will have nodal displacements or degrees of freedom which may include translations, rotations, and for special applications, higher order derivatives of displacements.