a) R÷{A×F}
b) R-{A×F}
c) R+{A×F}
d) R×{A×F}

Answer: a
Explanation: Safe bearing capacity of soil per unit area = R÷{A×F} where R is equals to ultimate resistance of soil, A = 2 cross sectional area of the substance, F equals two factor of safety. The results obtained by this method are approximate and hence this method is used for minor engineering structures.