Anatomy Questions and Answers





1. The anterior limit of the normal spleen is represented by the:
a) Posterior axillary line
b) Midaxillary line
c) Anterior axillary line
d) Mid-clavicular line

Answer: b

2. Vertebral level of origin of renal arteries:
a) L1
b) L3
c) L2
d) L4

Answer: c

3. Vertebral level of bifurcation of abdominal aorta:
a) L2
b) L3
c) L4
d) L5

Answer: c

4. A branch of the hepatic artery:
a) Cystic
b) Left gastric
c) Splenic
d) Gastrohepatic

Answer: a

5. A branch of the inferior mesenteric artery:
a) Right colic
b) Left colic
c) Middle colic
d) Splenic

Answer: b

6. Directly behind the duodenum:
a) Hepatic artery
b) Gastroduodenal artery
c) Right gastric artery
d) Superior mesenteric vein

Answer: b

7. The left renal vein:
a) Is crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric artery
b) Lies behind the left renal artery
c) Joins the portal vein behind the pancreas
d) Receives the inferior mesenteric vein

Answer: a

8. The greater omentum is attached to:
a) Liver and stomach
b) Stomach and jejunum
c) Jejunum and colon
d) Stomach and colon

Answer: d

9. The following structures are found within the lesser omentum, except:
a) Hepatic artery
b) Hepatic veins
c) Common bile duct
d) Vagal nerve fibres

Answer: b

10. The superior mesenteric vessels:
a) Are the vessels of the primitive foregut
b) Cross the third portion of duodenum
c) Artery arises from aorta at L3 level
d) Vein drains into the inferior vena cava

Answer: b

11. The prostate:
a) Is the size of an orange
b) Surrounds the membranous urethra
c) Is pierced by the ductus (vas) deferens
d) None of the above

Answer: d

12. The middle lobe of prostate is the part between:
a) Rectum and prostatic urethra
b) Ejaculatory ducts and rectum
c) Ejaculatory ducts and prostatic urethra
d) Pubis and prostatic urethra

Answer: c

13. The ductus (vas) deferens is connected to the prostatic urethra by:
a) The prostatic utricle
b) Gartner's duct
c) The ejaculatory duct
d) The urachus

Answer: c

14. The anal valves are at the level of the:
a) Anorectal junction
b) Anal margin
c) White line of Hilton
d) Pectinate line

Answer: d

15. The uterine artery:
a) Usually arises from the internal iliac artery
b) Anastomoses with the ovarian artery
c) Gives branches to the vagina
d) All of the above

Answer: d

16. The internal os of the uterus marks the junction of:
a) Uterine tube and peritoneal cavity
b) Uterine tube and fundus of uterus
c) Fundus and body of uterus
d) Body and cervix of uterus

Answer: d

17. The lateral fornix of the vagina is most closely related to the:
a) Urethra
b) Ureter
c) Middle rectal artery
d) Uterine artery

Answer: b

18. The following structures occupy the male superficial perineal pouch, except:
a) Corpora cavernosa
b) Corpus spongiosum
c) Posterior scrotal nerves and vessels
d) Bulbo-urethral glands

Answer: d

19. The inferior rectal nerve supplies:
a) External anal sphincter
b) Internal anal sphincter
c) Rectal mucous membrane
d) Muscle of rectal ampulla

Answer: a

20. The ischiorectal fossa is bounded directly by:
a) The rectum and ischium
b) Obturator internus fascia and rectum
c) Levator ani and obturator internus fascia
d) Ischium and sacrum

Answer: c

21. In the carpal tunnel:
a) Ulnar nerve
b) Median nerve
c) Radial nerve
d) Ulnar artery

Answer: b

22. Carpal bones visible in radiograph of newborn:
a) None
b) Two
c) Four
d) Six

Answer: a

23. Metacarpal bone with epiphysis at proximal end:
a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth

Answer: a

24. Abduction of the thumb carries it:
a) Forwards away from the palm
b) Backwards to the side of the palm
c) Towards the index finger
d) Laterally, away from the index finger

Answer: a

25. Inversion of the foot is performed by:
a) Peroneus longus and brevis
b) Peroneus longus and tibialis posterior
c) Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
d) None of the above muscle pairs

Answer: c

26. The plantar nerves and vessels lie between:
a) Plantar aponeurosis and the first muscle layer
b) First and second muscle layers
c) Second and third muscle layers
d) Third and fourth muscle layers

Answer: b

27. The cuboid is grooved by the tendon of:
a) Peroneus longus
b) Peroneus brevis
c) Peroneus tertius
d) Tibialis posterior

Answer: a

28. The ankle joint has greatest freedom of movement when:
a) It is plantar flexed
b) It is dorsi-flexed
c) The foot is inverted
d) The foot is everted

Answer: a

29. Number of broncho-pulmonary segments in the right lower lobe of lung:
a) One
b) Three
c) Five
d) Seven

Answer: c

30. The number of pulmonary veins entering the left atrium is normally:
a) One
b) Two
c) Four
d) Six

Answer: c

31. The bundle of His usually receives its blood supply from the:
a) Right coronary artery
b) Interventricular branch of the left coronary artery
c) Right marginal artery
d) Left marginal artery

Answer: a

32. Location of sphincter urethrae:
a) Superficial perineal pouch
b) Deep perineal pouch
c) Ischiorectal fossa
d) Above the prostate gland

Answer: b

33. The internal iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from:
a) Body of uterus
b) Cervix of uterus
c) Prostate
d) All of the above

Answer: d

34. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from:
a) Anal canal
b) Vagina
c) Rectum
d) All of the above

Answer: d

35. Nodes receiving lymph from the testis:
a) External iliac
b) Internal iliac
c) Superficial inguinal
d) Para-aortic

Answer: d

36. Directly behind isthmus of thyroid gland:
a) Sternohyoid muscle
b) Thyrohyoid muscle
c) Oesophagus
d) Trachea

Answer: d

37. The common carotid artery ends at the level of the:
a) Sternoclavicular joint
b) Upper border of cricoid cartilage
c) Upper border of thyroid cartilage
d) Neck of mandible

Answer: c

38. The following structures occupy the carotid sheath, except:
a) Common carotid artery
b) Internal carotid artery
c) Vagus nerve
d) Sympathetic trunk

Answer: d

39. Principal adductor of vocal folds:
a) Lateral cricoarytenoid
b) Posterior cricoarytenoid
c) Aryepiglottic muscle
d) Cricothyroid

Answer: a

40. Section of the inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerve would paralyse the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except:
a) Cricothyroid
b) Posterior cricoarytenoid
c) Vocalis
d) Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer: a

41. Directly behind isthmus of thyroid gland:
a) Sternohyoid muscle
b) Thyrohyoid muscle
c) Oesophagus
d) Trachea

Answer: d

42. The common carotid artery ends at the level of the:
a) Sternoclavicular joint
b) Upper border of cricoid cartilage
c) Upper border of thyroid cartilage
d) Lower border of mandible

Answer: c

43. The following structures occupy the carotid sheath, except:
a) Common carotid artery
b) Internal carotid artery
c) Vagus nerve
d) Sympathetic trunk

Answer: d

44. Principal adductor of vocal folds:
a) Lateral cricoarytenoid
b) Posterior cricoarytenoid
c) Aryepiglottic muscle
d) Cricothyroid

Answer: a

45. Section of the inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerve would paralyse the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except:
a) Cricothyroid
b) Posterior cricoarytenoid
c) Vocalis
d) Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer: a

46. The thyroid gland is enveloped in:
a) Investing fascia of the neck
b) Prevertebral fascia
c) Pretracheal fascia
d) Superficial fascia

Answer: c

47. The cricoid cartilage is at the vertebral level of:
a) C2
b) C4
c) C6
d) T1

Answer: c

48. Anterior relation(s) of scalenus anterior:
a) Subclavian vein
b) Phrenic nerve
c) Brachial plexus
d) Two of the above

Answer: d

49. The intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle is anchored by a fascial sling to the:
a) Hyoid bone
b) Thyroid cartilage
c) Clavicle
d) Sternum

Answer: c

50. The cervical plexus is formed by the ventral rami of:
a) C1,C2,C3
b) C1, C2
c) C1,C2,C3,C4
d) C3, C4

Answer: c

51. The roots of the brachial plexus pass between:
a) Scalenus anterior and sternomastoid
b) Scalenus anterior and clavicle
c) Scalenus anterior and scalenus medius
d) Scalenus medius and scalenus posterior

Answer: c

52. Muscle attached to the first rib between subclavian vein artery:
a) Subclavius
b) Scalenus medius
c) Scalenus anterior
d) Scalenus posterior

Answer: c

53. The larger blood vessels of the scalp run in the:
a) Skin
b) Subcutaneous tissue
c) Epicranial aponeurosis
d) Subaponeurotic tissue

Answer: b

54. The plane of movement of the scalp is between:
a) Skin and epicranial aponeurosis
b) Epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) and pericranium
c) Skin and subcutaneous fat
d) Pericranium and skull

Answer: b

55. The main sensory nerve to the back of the head:
a) Greater auricular
b) Greater occipital
c) Posterior auricular
d) Lesser occipital

Answer: b

56. The zygomatic arch gives origin to:
a) Masseter
b) Temporalis
c) Buccinator
d) Platysma

Answer: a

57. The main sensory nerve to the upper lip is the:
a) Facial
b) Infraorbital
c) Buccal of mandibular
d) External nasal

Answer: b

58. The main sensory nerve to the lower lip is the:
a) Buccal
b) Cervical of facial
c) Mental
d) Submandibular

Answer: c

59. The most horizontal fibres of temporalis muscle are:
a) Deep
b) Superficial
c) Posterior
d) Middle

Answer: c

60. A muscle which elevates and retracts the mandible:
a) Masseter
b) Temporalis
c) Medial pterygoid
d) Lateral pterygoid

Answer: b

61. A muscle attached to the coronoid process of mandible:
a) Buccinator
b) Lateral pterygoid
c) Medial pterygoid
d) Temporalis

Answer: d

62. Nerve from which the parasympathetic fibres for the parotid gland take origin:
a) Vagus
b) Facia
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Trigeminal

Answer: c

63. The buccal branch of the mandibular nerve supplies:
a) Buccinator muscle
b) Skin and mucous membrane of cheek
c) Only skin of cheek
d) Only mucous membrane of cheek

Answer: b

64. The following muscle assists the tongue in keeping food between the upper and lower molar teeth during mastication:
a) Masseter
b) Temporalis
c) Orbicularis oris
d) Buccinator

Answer: d

65. A structure passing deep to the hyoglossus muscle:
a) Hypoglossal nerve
b) Mylohyloid nerve
c) Submandibular duct
d) None of the above

Answer: d

66. The parotid duct opens into the oral cavity opposite the crown of the:
a) Upper first premolar tooth
b) Upper second molar
c) Lower first premolar
d) Upper third molar

Answer: b

67. The sublingual papilla:
a) Is a swelling on the lingual nerve
b) Is caused by the loop of the lingual artery
c) Is a swelling caused by the sublingual gland
d) Marks the opening of the submandibular duct

Answer: d

68. The permanent dentition in each quadrant of the mouth comprises:
a) Two incisors, canine, two premolars, two molars
b) One incisor, canine, two premolars, three molars
c) Two incisors, canine, two premolars, three molars
d) One incisor, canine, three premolars, three molars

Answer: c

69. The deciduous dentition in each quadrant of the mouth comprises:
a) Two incisors, canine, two molars
b) One incisor, canine, three molars
c) One incisor, canine, one premolar, two molars
d) Two incisors, canine, two premolars, two molars

Answer: a

70. The first permanent tooth to erupt is the:
a) Lateral incisor
b) Canine
c) First premolar
d) First molar

Answer: d

71. The first deciduous tooth to erupt is usually the:
a) Central incisor
b) Canine
c) First premolar
d) First molar

Answer: a

72. The lingual tonsil is confined to the:
a) Posterior one-third of the tongue
b) Anterior one-third of the tongue
c) Sulcus terminalis
d) Ventral surface of the tongue

Answer: a

73. The bony part of the nasal septum contains:
a) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
b) Perpendicular plate of palatine and vomer
c) Perpendicular plate of palatine, vomer, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
d) Perpendicular plate of palatine, vomer, palatine crest of maxilla

Answer: a

74. In the 'motor nerve' entering a muscle, sensory fibres make up the following proportion:
a) None
b) 20 per cent
c) 40 per cent
d) 75 per cent

Answer: c

75. Pacinian corpuscles are numerous in:
a) The dermis of the skin
b) Periarticular tissues
c) Bone marrow
d) Muscle

Answer: b

76. The rate of regeneration of peripheral nerves following injury is:
a) 1 -3 micra per day
b) 1 -3 mm per hour
c) 1 -3 mm per day
d) 1 -3 mm per week

Answer: c

77. In the postnatal period the greatest growth in the grey matter of the CNS is of:
a) Nerve cell numbers
b) Length of axonal processes
c) Dendritic trees
d) Size of perikarya

Answer: c

78. The cells of the posterior grey horn of the spinal cord are arranged:
a) In clusters
b) In laminae from apex to base
c) In laminae from medial to lateral side
d) Diffusely

Answer: b

79. Grossly the spinal cord presents two swellings:
a) Cervical and thoracic
b) Cervical and lumbar
c) Thoracic and lumbar
d) Thoracic and sacral

Answer: b

80. The internal vertebral venous plexus occupies:
a) The extradural space
b) The subdural space
c) The subarachnoid space
d) The spinal cord

Answer: a

81. The internal vertebral venous plexus communicates with:
a) Vertebral bone marrow
b) Segmental veins
c) Intracranial sinuses
d) All the above

Answer: d

82. Inferior cerebral veins terminate in the:
a) Transverse sinus
b) Cavernous sinus
c) Sigmoid sinus
d) Great cerebral vein

Answer: a

83. The subarachnoid space reaches to vertebral level:
a) T12 or L1
b) L1 or L2
c) L4 or L5
d) S2

Answer: d

84. A disc prolapse at L5 level, in the usual position of extrusion, may compress:
a) L3,4 and 5 nerve roots
b) L4 roots
c) L5 roots
d) S1 roots

Answer: d

85. In eliciting a tendon reflex, the sequence of neurones activated is:
a) Tendon afferent, internuncial, alpha efferent
b) Spindle afferent, internuncial, alpha efferent
c) Spindle afferent, internuncial, gamma efferent
d) Spindle afferent, alpha efferent

Answer: d

86. Commonest level of termination of the adult spinal cord:
a) T12-L1 disc
b) L1-L2 disc
c) L3-L4 disc
d) L5-S1 disc

Answer: b

87. The cell in the CNS most like the Schwann cell in function is the:
a) Fibrous astrocyte
b) Protoplasmic astrocyte
c) Microglial cell
d) Oligodendrocyte

Answer: d

88. In the CNS, portions of first order sensory neurones are found:
a) In the posterior white columns
b) In the posterolateral tract of Lissauer
c) In the lateral white columns
d) Two of the above

Answer: d

89. The sacral segments of the spinal cord may be crushed by fracture of:
a) The first lumbar vertebra
b) The third lumbar vertebra
c) The fifth lumbar vertebra
d) The first and second sacral vertebrae

Answer: a

90. Axons from the nucleus ambiguus innervate muscles of the:
a) Eye
b) Tongue
c) Larynx
d) Ear

Answer: c

91. A classical sign of cerebellar disease:
a) Rigidity
b) Short, shuffling gait
c) Loss of 'joint sense'
d) Intention tremor

Answer: d

92. Tract which is small or absent in humans:
a) Rubrospinal
b) Tectospinal
c) Vestibulospinal
d) Olivospinal

Answer: a

93. A midline nucleus in the medulla oblongata:
a) Hypoglossal nucleus
b) Nucleus ambiguus
c) Dorsal vagal nucleus
d) Nucleus raphe magnus

Answer: d

94. The cerebellum sends efferent fibres to each of the following, except:
a) The red nucleus of the opposite side
b) The thalamus of the opposite side
c) Reticular formation
d) The substantia nigra

Answer: d

95. The structure closest to the crus cerebri is the:
a) Substantia nigra
b) Red nucleus
c) Medial lemniscus
d) Opposite crus

Answer: a

96. The cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) connects:
a) The lateral ventricles
b) Lateral and third ventricles
c) Third and fourth ventricles
d) Fourth ventricle and subarachnoid space

Answer: c

97. The following structure occupies the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle:
a) Stria vascularis
b) Calcaravis
c) Diagonal band of Broca
d) Hippocampus

Answer: d

98. The interventricular foramen of Monro connects:
a) The two lateral ventricles
b) Lateral ventricle with third ventricle
c) Third and fourth ventricles
d) Fourth ventricle with subarachnoid space

Answer: b

99. Betz cells constitute the following percentage of the corticospinal tract neurones:
a) 0
b) 3
c) 10
d) 50

Answer: b

100. The cms cerebri contains:
a) Medial lemniscus
b) Spinothalamic tract
c) Temporopontine fibres
d) Lateral lemniscus

Answer: c