1. Who coined the term “cyberspace”?
a) Andrew Tannenbaum
b) Scott Fahlman
c) William Gibson
d) Richard Stallman
Explanation: In the year 1821, an American – Canadian fiction pioneer cum writer, William Gibson explored the different streams of technologies and coined the term “cyberspace”. The term defines interconnected technologies that help in sharing information, interact with digital devices, storage and digital entertainment, computer and network security and stuff related to information technology.
2. In which year computer scientists try to integrate encryption techniques in TCP/IP protocol?
a) 1978
b) 1980
c) 1982
d) 1984
Explanation: TCP/IP suite needs prior security as it is one of the most popularly used protocol suites and hence some computer scientists in the year 1978, attempts to integrate the security algorithms though they face many impediments in this regard.
3. In which year the Computer Fraud & Abuse Act was adopted in the United States?
a) 1983
b) 1984
c) 1987
d) 1988
Explanation: This Cyber security bill got passed in the US in the year 1984 keeping this in concern that any computer related crimes do not go unpunished. This law also restricts users from unauthorized access of computer or data associated with it.
4. Who was the first individual to distribute computer worms through internet?
a) Vladimir Levin
b) Bill Landreth
c) Richard Stallman
d) Robert T. Morris
Explanation: Robert Tappan Morris, a Cornell University graduate student developed Morris Worm in 1988 and was accused of the crime (under US Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.) for spreading computer worms through Internet.
5. _____ is a powerful encryption tool released by Philip Zimmerman in the year 1991.
a) PGP (Protected Good Privacy)
b) AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
c) PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
d) DES (Data Encryption Standard)
Explanation: This encryption program package name PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) became popular across the globe because it helps in providing authentication in data communication as well as help in maintaining privacy through cryptographic algorithms by encryption & decryption of plain texts (in emails and files) to cipher texts and vice versa.
6. Hackers who help in finding bugs and vulnerabilities in a system & don’t intend to crack a system are termed as ________
a) Black Hat hackers
b) White Hat Hackers
c) Grey Hat Hackers
d) Red Hat Hackers
Explanation: White Hat Hackers are cyber security analysts and consultants who have the intent to help firms and Governments in the identification of loopholes as well as help to perform penetration tests for securing a system.
7. Which is the legal form of hacking based on which jobs are provided in IT industries and firms?
a) Cracking
b) Non ethical Hacking
c) Ethical hacking
d) Hactivism
Explanation: Ethical Hacking is an ethical form of hacking done by white-hat hackers for performing penetration tests and identifying potential threats in any organizations and firms.
8. They are nefarious hackers, and their main motive is to gain financial profit by doing cyber crimes. Who are “they” referred to here?
a) Gray Hat Hackers
b) White Hat Hackers
c) Hactivists
d) Black Hat Hackers
Explanation: Black Hat hackers also termed as ‘crackers’ and are a major type of cyber criminals who take unauthorized access in user’s account or system and steal sensitive data or inject malware into the system for their profit or to harm the organization.
9. _______ are the combination of both white as well as black hat hackers.
a) Grey Hat hackers
b) Green Hat hackers
c) Blue Hat Hackers
d) Red Hat Hackers
Explanation: Grey Hat Hackers have a blending character of both ethical as well as un-ethical hacker. They hack other’s systems for fun but do not harm the system, exploits bugs and vulnerabilities in network without the knowledge of the admin or the owner.
10. The amateur or newbie in the field of hacking who don’t have many skills about coding and in-depth working of security and hacking tools are called ________
a) Sponsored Hackers
b) Hactivists
c) Script Kiddies
d) Whistle Blowers
Explanation: Script Kiddies are new to hacking and at the same time do not have many interests in developing coding skills or find bugs of their own in systems; rather they prefer downloading of available tools (developed by elite hackers) and use them to break any system or network. They just try to gain attention of their friend circles.