1. A cell’s reservoir of NADPH represents its _______________
a) oxidation state
b) oxidation power
c) tensile strength
d) reducing power
Explanation: A cell’s reservoir of NADPH is a measure of its reducing power and the usable energy. NADPH is a compound similar to NADH but with an additional phosphate group.
2. Protein kinases are responsible for transferring which group?
a) oxygen
b) carbon
c) amino
d) phosphate
Explanation: Protein kinases are a class of enzymes that transfer phosphate group to other proteins (covalent modification). These are hence vital in hormone action, cell division and gene expression.
3. How many mechanisms exist for altering the shape of an enzyme, playing a role in regulating glucose oxidation?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Explanation: For regulating glucose oxidation, there are two mechanisms that are responsible for altering the shape of an enzyme’s active site namely covalent modification and allosteric modification.
4. How many types of protein kinases are there?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Explanation: There are two types of protein kinases: one adds phosphate group to tyrosine residues in a protein and the other adds phosphate group to serine or threonine residues.
5. The segregation of alleles on one trait did not have any effect on the segregation of alleles on a different trait. This is based on ____________
a) Mendel’s law of Heredity
b) Mendel’s law of Dominance
c) Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment
d) Mendel’s law of Segregation
Explanation: There are three Mendel’s laws n Heredity.
1. The Mendel’s law of Dominance states that when a dominant individual is crossed with a recessive individual, the F1 generation offspring will exhibit the dominant trait.
2. According to Mendel’s law of Segregation, a pair of allele governing a single trait segregates from each other during the formation of gametes.
3. According to Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment, the segregation of alleles on one trait did not have any effect on the segregation of alleles on a different trait.
6. Genes that show tendency to be inherited together is known as ____________
a) Linkage group
b) Homologous group
c) Co-dependent genes
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: Some genes are packed together on a chromosome and tend to pass on from parents to offsprings as a group. These genes form a unit during the formation of gametes and are not separated during gamete formation. These genes on the same chromosome act like they are linked to one another and hence, are known as linkage groups.
7. Giant polytene chromosomes are found in ___________
a) Egg of fruit fly
b) Salivary gland of larvae of fruit fly
c) Salivary gland of adult fruit fly
d) All of the mentioned
Explanation: Polytene chromosomes are a type of giant chromosomes which are many times longer in length than normal chromosomes. Polytene chromosomes are found in the salivary gland of a larval fruit fly and show several distinct darkly stained bands.
8. An example of co-dominance is ____________
a) Mouse coat colour
b) Human ABO blood group system
c) Human hand size
d) Human eye colour
Explanation: When two different alleles are crosses and neither of them is dominant and recessive and both get expressed in the phenotype offspring, then such a genetic scenario is known as codominance. In the ABO Blood group system of humans, a person with A protein has blood type A and a person with B protein has blood type B. If a person with blood type A mates with person with blood type B, then the dominant A and B genes will be co-expressed in the offspring and he will have blood type ‘AB’.
9. Loops in lampbrush chromosomes represent site of _____________
a) Replication
b) Transcription
c) Cell division
d) Crossing over
Explanation: Lampbrush chromosomes are a type of giant chromosomes found in the growing oocytes of amphibians. Twin loops arise on either side of the chromosome in meiotic prophase. This is due to the active transcription of many genes.
10. How can it be determined whether the parent progeny is homozygous or heterozygous?
a) Test cross
b) Back cross
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Reciprocal cross
Explanation: Test cross is the cross of a F1 generation offspring with the homozygous recessive parent. If the offspring phenotype is dominant: recessive = 1:1, the F1 offspring is heterozygous dominant. If all the plant exhibits dominant phenotype, the F1 offspring is homozygous dominant. In this way, the genotype of an offspring can be determined.