1. Perfect gas equation applies very closely to ________ gases.
a) low temperature, low pressure
b) high temperature, high pressure
c) high temperature, low pressure
d) low temperature, high pressure
Explanation: Perfect gas equations are valid for high temperature and low-pressure gases. In such a case, the inter-molecular forces are negligibly small. PV=RT is the perfect gas equation, with V as the specific volume, P as the pressure, T as the temperature and R as the gas constant for the mixture of gases.
2. Consider two sets of mixture of gases A and B having the same specific volume of the mixture and having total pressures PA and PB respectively. If TA = 3TB and molecular mass of A MA = 1/2 MB, determine the ratio of PA/PB.
a) 0.75
b) 12
c) 1.5
d) 6
Explanation: Assume that the gases follow the perfect gas equation. P = R’T/MVmix where Vmix is the specific volume of the mixture and R’ is the universal gas constant.
So PA/PB = (TA/TB) x (MB/MA)
= 3 x 2 = 6.
3. Consider two sets of mixture of gases X and Y having the same total temperature of the mixture and having total pressures PX and PY respectively. If PX = 1.4 PY and molecular mass of A MX = 2.3 x MY, determine the ratio of Vmix_X/Vmix_Y.
a) 0.26
b) 0.52
c) 0.62
d) 0.31
Explanation: Assuming the mixture of gases to be ideal, we have P = R’T/MVmix where Vmix is the specific volume of the mixture and R’ is the universal gas constant.
PX/PY = (TX/TY) x (MYVmix_Y/MXVmix_X)
Vmix_X/Vmix_Y = (MY/MX) x (TX/TY) x (PY/PX)
= (1/2.3) x 1 x (1/1.4) = 0.31
4. In a gaseous mixture, the number of moles and the molecular mass (in their respective units) of each component is given as follows: nA = 1, MA = 23; nB = 2, MB = 48; nC = 3, MC = 19. Find the average molecular mass of the mixture.
a) 28.67
b) 29.33
c) 31.25
d) 25.47
Explanation: Mavg = (nAMA + nBMB + nCMC) / (nA + nB + nC)
= (23 + 96 + 57) / 6 = 29.33.
5. What is the number of condensed species in a gaseous mixture, if there are 8 possible species which enter into a relationship and out of these, only 5 are gases?
a) 3
b) 2
c) 9
d) 6
Explanation: If there are n species that enter into a relationship and if there are only m species out of these, then the total number of condensed species is n-m.
6. Determine the stoichiometric mixture mass ratio for the complete reaction: H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O.
a) 2:1
b) 16:1
c) 4:1
d) 8:1
Explanation: On mass basis, stoichiometric mixture requires half of 32 kg of O2 with 2 kg of H2. So the mixture mass ratio would be 1/2 x 32 / 2 = 8
7. Rocket propulsion usually operates in ___________ mixture ratio.
a) fuel rich
b) oxidizer rich
c) stoichiometric
d) any
Explanation: Rocket propulsion systems typically operate in fuel rich mixture ratio. This allows a portion of lightweight molecules such as hydrogen to be unreacted and contributes to the decrease in the average molecular mass of the combustion products.
8. The decomposition of solid propellants to reaction mixture is a(n) ______________ chemical reaction.
a) reversible
b) irreversible
c) stoichiometric
d) ideal
Explanation: The whole process of combustion of solid propellants to derive a reaction mixture is an irreversible chemical reaction. It means that the reverse process is not possible
9. What is the energy released (or absorbed), or the enthalpy change when one mole of a chemical compound is formed from its constituent atoms or elements at one bar and isothermally at 25°C?
a) Heat of formation
b) Heat of reaction
c) Gibbs free energy
d) Latent heat of vaporization
Explanation: This is the definition of heat of formation. In this reaction, each of the reactants and products are in its thermodynamic standard state and at the reference pressure and temperature.
10. The heat created by the combustion in the thrust chamber of a chemical rocket engine equals the change in enthalpy of the gases.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: The heat generated during combustion of the propellants is the heat that is necessary to raise the resulting gases to their final temperature adiabatically. This follows from the conservation of energy.