The temperature effect on axisymmetric formulation. The vector ε̅0 is the initial strain evaluated at the centroid, representing the average temperature rise of the element is _____
a) θe=2Πr̅
b) θe=2Πr̅AeB̅TDε̅0
c) K=QF
d) σ=Dε0
Answer: b
Explanation: The amount of heat transferred is directly proportional to the temperature change. Temperature is a proportional measure of the average kinetic energy of the random motions of the constituent microscopic particles in a system (such as electrons, atoms, and molecules); but more rigorous definitions include all quantum states of matter.
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