a) 12 log
b) 9 log
c) 6 log
d) 3 log
Answer: d
Explanation: A pasteurization process usually operates to 6 log reductions of the target organism. The sterilized foods have to achieve at least 12 log reductions in case of Clostridium botulinum spores. The pasteurization has lower log reductions because of the reduced risks linked with the target microbial species when associated with the botulinum toxin.
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